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• W45387306 abstract "After the Civil War, hundreds of thousands of freedpeople made their way to the western South on foot, in wagons, and by train, ferry, and steamboat in search of economic opportunities. Many of these migrants headed to Arkansas, some settling in established urban areas like Pine Bluffand Little Rock. Others, eager to become independent farmers, pressed on into unsettled areas where they could establish their own communities and govern their own affairs. Menifee in Conway County was one of several all-black or predominantly black settlements established in Arkansas by African-American pioneers in the late nineteenth century. Though it has received far less attention than such celebrated all-black towns as Boley, Oklahoma, Nicodemus, Kansas, and Mound Bayou, Mississippi, Menifee's history is similarly rich and represents an important but often overlooked piece of Arkansas's history.In the depths of the Great Depression, young African-American sociologist named Lewis Wade Jones arrived in Menifee to survey rural school conditions the Julius Rosenwald Fund. Born in Cuero, Texas, in 1910, Jones grew up about 125 miles away in Navasota, where his parents, Lucynthia and Wade, taught school. Just twenty-five years old when he arrived in Menifee, Jones had graduated from Fisk University and recently completed graduate work at the University of Chicago before returning to Fisk as an instructor in the Social Science Department. There, he worked closely with the pioneering sociologist Charles S. Johnson. In 1934, the Rosenwald Fund selected Jones as one of sixteen young scholars, black and white, to conduct research its new Council on Rural Education. Each research fellow was assigned to live for year each in various types of southern communities in order to gain intensive first-hand insights into the conditions of the southern countryside and the southern version of the 'Little Red Schoolhouse.'1Jones was captivated by the history of his assigned community, nestled in the foothills of the Ozarks. In his first report back to the Rosenwald Fund, he described Menifee as a community of pioneering families. Its founders abandoned older agricultural regions of the South and settled the new area establishing homes and organizing community. The pioneering spirit remains with the people, he observed.2 Drawing heavily upon his own interviews, Jones devoted 36 pages of his 128-page final report to the story of Menifee's founding, and it is from these pages that the following excerpt is drawn.3Compiled only one year before the Federal Writers' Project began collecting slave narratives, Report on Research in the Menifee Community provides unique perspective on both daily existence and critical events shaping the lives of African Americans in the late nineteenth century. For one, Jones' work provides one of the most detailed accounts, rich with first-person narratives, of how African-American migrants experienced the great exodus to the less-settled western fringes of the South after the Civil War. It also provides multiple African-American viewpoints on life in single community, with special attention to the outlook of different generations on topics ranging from dancing and store-bought goods to the function and future of an all-black town. Perhaps most importantly, Jones' research gives us glimpse of how Menifee's emancipation generation saw itself: not as ex-slaves but as pioneers. They worked hard to clear the land and draw from that land everything they would need to survive. They took great pride in their work, whether it was spinning smooth thread or filling corn crib to overflowing. They took pleasure remembering the joys they had wrung from hard life. We work all day and dance all night, one grandmother told Jones. And they looked after one another in sickness and hard times, despite profound disagreements over issues ranging from political and religious affiliation to relations with local whites. …" @default.
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• W45387306 date "2013-04-01" @default.
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• W45387306 title "The Grandfathers: Lewis Wade Jones' Profile of Menifee, Arkansas" @default.
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