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• W45594523 abstract "Constitutionalism and Constitutional Law: Referential, Transnational, Supranational, Global Since the appearance of the modern normative constitution, at the end of the 18th and the onset of the 19th century, the question as to the proper balance of universal essence and idiosyncratic particularities in has been a recurrently perplexing theme in legal and political philosophy. At the normative level, this local/universal tension reflects in fundamental legal key an overhanging Enlightenment dialectic concerning the preconditions and limits of reason. To wit, Montesquieu himself, the father of modern separation of powers theory, straddles in his Spirit of Laws a fine and rather hesitantly drawn line between sociological determinism and the extraction of ideal-typical, purportedly rational, immutable, and universal models of government. The simultaneous conceptual symbiosis and tension between and constitutional law (26), the notorious irresolution and confusion of methodology in comparative constitutional law (constitutionalism?) (27), and the recurrent divergences between 'functionalist' and 'expressivist' schools in comparative law have in the meanwhile constantly evinced, replayed, and reinforced, in various keys, the original problematic (28). Until recent times, the primary import of such cross- and counter-cultural constitutional debates was relatively and relationally limited in both normative and contextual terms. Namely, the practical stakes of constitutionalism beyond the nation concerned either the transplant of foreign models as a constitution-making tool or--more recently--the relevance of foreign interpretations of analogous provisions and concepts in domestic constitutional adjudication. In both cases, the scope of the transplant and the approximation of the local instantiations of borrowed rules and institutions to the logic of their original models have been the object of an, albeit referential, jurisdictionally confined assessment. This is not to deny the pre-existence of direct foreign interventions in domestic constitutional affairs. During the nineteenth century, for instance, such inroads commonly took place by way of capitulations or demands extracted from non-Western, 'uncivilized' states by the means of bi- or multilateral treaties (29). Yet, in such cases, interventions were punctual and emphatically pragmatic in nature. Namely, they concerned concessions extracted by the dominant Western powers from civilizational laggards in the name of bare state interest. Even though such instrumental considerations were sometimes thinly veiled in a universalistic-idealized garb, they were and were certainly perceived by the weaker party as the result of uneven power relations rather than as expressions of a disinterested desire to enforce universal constitutional values (30). Constitutionalization, primarily undertaken by way of import or cross-fertilization or migration of constitutional ideas (31), is still a widespread phenomenon, for example in the wake of transitions from authoritarian regimes (32). However, these developments take place nowadays in an environment characterized by an important paradigm shift. Contemporary does no longer function in a limited normative and institutional universe, wherein processes of legal modernization in one jurisdiction tread purely referential and jurisdictionally delineated paths. First, as a result of both phenomenal evolutions towards the erosion of the state-centred lines of division that enabled and reinforced the practices of nineteenth- and early twentieth-century constitutional and public international law (33) and of related theoretical/ideological leanings towards cosmopolitanism (34), is nowadays a ubiquitously global legal phenomenon and doctrinal narrative. In contemporary legal and political science literature, overlapping references to multi-level governance and transnational, global, and pluralist abound, sometimes to the point of satiety (35). …" @default.
• W45594523 created "2016-06-24" @default.
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• W45594523 date "2012-12-22" @default.
• W45594523 modified "2023-09-23" @default.
• W45594523 title "Romania under EU Influence: Note on the Constitutive Limits of External Constitutional Interventions" @default.
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