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- W4560776 abstract "The turnover of energy-rich matter involves the phosphorylation-dephosphorylation cycles of the adenine nucleotides and the oxidation-reduction cycles of the pyridine nucleotides. These two processes are interconnected since oxidation of the reduced nucleotides (NADH) by the respiratory chain, in the mitochondrial membrane, is coupled to the phosphorylation of ADP and produces ATP. Many energy-yielding or energy-consuming reactions are connected by a way of feed-back cycles to the phosphorylation state of adenine nucleotides. This phosphorylation state, (ATP)/(ADP)(Pi), partially controls the redox state of the pyridine nucleotides in the cytosol. Mitochondria constitute compartments within the cell. In addition to making ATP they can concentrate a number of metabolites. They can maintain these metabolites at a concentration higher than that in the cytosol. Within the mitochondria these metabolites are processed, preserved and used for definite purposes. This mitochondrial compartmentation is well illustrated by differences between mitochondrial matrix and cytosol in the phosphorylation state of adenine nucleotides and also in the redox state of the NAD-couple. The communication between the mitochondria and the cytosol is brought about by specific mitochondrial anion transport systems. Thus there exists an ADP/ATP carrier, a phosphate carrier and carriers for di- and tricarboxylic anions of the Krebs cycle. As a result of the operation of these carriers, reducing equivalents can cross the mitochondrial membrane and ATP can be exported from the mitochondria. These carriers also allow the cytosol to gain mitochondrially synthesized citrate. In mammalian liver, the cytosol is able to store chemical energy in the form of glycogen or of long chain fatty acids when ATP, citrate and reducing equivalents are in excess." @default.
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- W4560776 date "1977-01-01" @default.
- W4560776 modified "2023-09-23" @default.
- W4560776 title "ENERGY COMPARTMENTATION IN THE CELL" @default.
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