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• W45687583 abstract "Disability presents a potentially significant life stressor to individuals who experience it (Livneh & Antonak, 1997; Vash, 1994). As a result, there is a substantial body of literature on the psychological effects of chronic illness and disability. Some of this literature is descriptive, based on clinical records or anecdotal reports that describe the process of individual reactions to events such as sudden disability or diagnosis of chronic illness (V ash, 1981; Wright, 1983). Other literature examines the relationship between psychosocial stressors and coping strategies in order to explain the mechanisms through which adaptation occurs (Billings & Moos, 1981; Hanson, Buckelew, Hewitt, & O'Neal, 1993). Regardless of the specific approach used to describe or explain the disability experience and adjustment process, there is general agreement that disability and its consequences may be stressful enough to require intervention or support in order to help the individual to manage it (Moos, 1984; Zeidner & Endler, 1996). Along with the literature describing psychosocial reactions to chronic illness and disability, a number of empirical studies have described individual and disability characteristics that appear to be associated with successful coping outcomes (e.g., Crewe, 2000; Felton & Revenson, 1984). These studies have explored, for example, how type and severity of disability are related to adjustment (Crewe & Krause, 1991; Kendall & Terry, 1996), and the relationship of adjustment to other individual factors such as personality and coping style (Livneh, 1999; Lustig, Rosenthal, Strauser, & Haynes, 2000). Other studies have looked at how factors such as counselor characteristics (Rubenfeld, 1988) or the timing and nature of counseling interventions (Livneh, 1991; McDowell, Bills, & Eaton, 1991; Wright, 1983) contribute to outcomes. In general, the most important findings from these studies are that the severity and type of disability are not necessarily related to coping or long-term adjustment (Livneh, 1999; Wright, 1983), and that certain individual personality characteristics, together with environmental supports, appear to be most strongly associated with adjustment outcomes (Hershenson, 1998; Moos & Shaeffer, 1984; Shontz, 1977). As is evident from this brief review, there is an impressive body of literature describing the psychological effects and consequences of chronic illnesses and disability, but little if any research examining the extent to which individuals who experience these stressors seek help in managing them. The paucity of research is surprising, given that several studies have examined help seeking behaviors and utilization patterns of other high risk groups, such as immigrant populations (Peifer, Hu, & Vega, 2000); ethnic minority groups (Diala et al., 2000); and some subgroups of individuals with disabilities, particularly people with mental retardation (Dorn & Prout, 1993). For many of these groups, information on help-seeking behaviors and patterns of utilization of support services has informed community and mental health planning efforts and contributed to recommendations regarding service configuration (Piefer et al., 2000). In the same vein, information on help-seeking behaviors among people with disabilities might be particularly useful for program planning, and policy development and reform for this population, particularly within the context of the Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990 (ADA) and for individuals dealing with managed health care and Social Security. For counselors and advocates, information on help-seeking behaviors could support program development, community advocacy efforts, and service delivery models. Although several studies have examined the relationship between mental health disorders and physical functioning in the general population (i.e., Craig & Van Netta, 1983; Wells, Golding & Burnam, 1988), we were unable to locate any articles that reported on the help seeking behavior of persons with disabilities in a nationally representative sample. …" @default.
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• W45687583 date "2005-01-01" @default.
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• W45687583 title "Help-Seeking Behavior among People with Disabilities: Results from a National Survey" @default.
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