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- W46141444 abstract "Residential and commercial buildings in the United States are responsible for up to 73% of the total energy consumption [14]. To reduce the energy consumed by the building stock, both new constructions and existing buildings must be equipped with energy efficient solutions. These solutions are not only architectural, but rely on the use of advanced control algorithms that, based on measurements collected by sensors, compute an optimal control policy and send commands to actuators. Thus, the sensor-actuator network is a key element of building automation systems for energy efficiency. The selection of an optimal network is driven by several concerns including cost. Installation cost is one of the major concerns in building retrofits mainly due to wiring. For new constructions, although wiring is still a concern, the major problem is in making sure that the network is flexible enough to accommodate changes in the building usage that are common over its life-cycle. For these reasons, wireless networks have been always considered as an interesting technology. Wireless sensor networks (WSN) find applications in factory and building automation, environmental monitoring, security systems and in a wide variety of commercial and military systems. However, wireless networks operation cost (which is mainly due to battery replacement) and low reliability have long been the major roadblocks to their adoption. Moreover, the whole-building control policy is often hierarchically structured: room-level controllers communicate to zonelevel controllers, which in turn communicate to floor-level controller and so forth up to the building management system. This structure follows the geometry of the building. At each level, some computational power is required to execute control algorithms which is a challenge in the case of wireless sensor networks. Based on these observations, we argue that the right networked system for building automation is in between a wired and a wireless solution. The first contribution of this work is the selection a design point that seems to be a good compromise between these two extremes. We distinguish between the power network and the data network. The proposed solution is entirely wireless for what concerns the transmission of data. However, we propose a hybrid approach for the power network where sensors are battery powered and are used only for measurement of physical quantities; actuators can be battery powered or not (a power source might be available close to them); and the rest of the components are powered by a wired network. These components provide also some computational power to execute control algorithms. This architecture responds to the needs of being able to reconfigure the sensing platform without major efforts, and to support the structure of a building control system, namely hierarchical and based on building geometry. The second contribution of this paper is a protocol to manage the network so that devices can be easily plugged into the systems, and the network is robust and reliable. The proposed protocol is based on a minimal set of APIs assumed to be provided by the lower layer of the stack. Thus, the proposed protocol can be implemented on other standard protocols such as Zigbee [11]. The third contribution of this paper is to illustrate the implementation details of" @default.
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- W46141444 date "2011-05-22" @default.
- W46141444 modified "2023-09-26" @default.
- W46141444 title "A Hierarchical Wireless Network Architecture for Building Automation and Control Systems" @default.
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