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- W46309022 abstract "The question of how to behave under the torture so as not to incur moral censure is an intriguing test case of moral reasoning. Consider that from the sixteenth to the eighteenth century European penal codes held torture to be an indispensable means of criminal investigation. As for the inquisitor, his only reason to query an extorted confession was its lack of circumstantiality. Thus, the defendant’s behaviour under the torture was a point of major concern. Not surprisingly, this posed no trifling problem for Christian casuistry. The crucial circumstance was, of course, the person’s supposed innocence. What a confessor should advise the defendant in this case became a topic of dispute in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries. While a sceptic like Pierre Charron (d. 1603) took it for granted that Seneca was right to assume that torture made the innocent lie, the majority of moral theologians expected the confessor to prevail on the person to persist in telling the truth. If she did not protest her innocence, she sinned mortally and, consequently, had to face eternal damnation. This dogma clearly supported the credibility of torture—and there are reports that it did have a tremendous effect on the behaviour of individuals accused in witch trials. A minority of theologians, however, allowed the innocent person to escape further trials by falsely charging herself—‘Yes, I am Satan’s confederate’—on the grounds that accepting one’s own capital punishment would not be followed by eternal damnation as well. In what follows, I shall survey the reasons why the majority held that perseverance in telling the truth was an obligation. Then, I shall inquire into the shift of premises which was the requisite condition for making the minority position possible and thus undermining the credibility of torture. I conclude that something critically important to understanding the development of moral reasoning, as well as criminal law theory, happened in Salamanca during the" @default.
- W46309022 created "2016-06-24" @default.
- W46309022 creator A5091122250 @default.
- W46309022 date "2005-01-01" @default.
- W46309022 modified "2023-09-24" @default.
- W46309022 title "Casuistry and the Early Modern Paradigm Shift in the Notion of Charity" @default.
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- W46309022 doi "https://doi.org/10.1007/1-4020-3001-0_6" @default.
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