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• W4680614 abstract "The aim of this study was to develop a technique of semen collection in Psittaciformes specifically in the budgerigar (Melopsittacus undulatus). In addition the investigation intended to establish sperm data as physiological reference values in order to get a basic understanding for reproductive assessment. These spermdata were then to be compared with the endoscopically determined status of the gonads, to establish a specific frame of reference for activity assessment. In the preliminary investigation two different methods of semen collection in budgerigars were developed and examined. The capillary-technique was based on an insertion of a glass capillary into the cloaca. In the course of this the semen storage (Glomus seminale) was squeezed. The massage-technique led - like in domestic-fowl - to an ejaculation of the birds. A graduated glass capillary was used to collect the released semen in both techniques. With this preliminary investigation it was shown, that semen obtained by massage technique was superior to semen obtained by capillary-technique because of the higher concentration of spermatozoa and the smaller contamination by urates and erythrocytes. In addition the massage technique was also proven on novice and untrained budgerigars. Altogether this study demonstrated that the massage technique can also be used efficiently for semen collection in the order Psittaciformes. In the main investigation the massage-stimulation was applied regularly to a total of 41 clinically healthy budgerigars of two different breeding lines. In a first phase samples were taken from 19 breeding-type budgerigars and 10 exhibition-type birds in two different collection-intervals. Colour and volume were determined directly from the glass-capillary. The pH value was measured with indicator paper. For this order for the first time the alive-dead ratio of the spermatozoa was counted via eosin staining. Forward motility was estimated in prediluted semen. In addition the sperm concentration was determined on prediluted semen via counting chamber. This lead directly to an estimate of the total sperm account. In the second part of the investigation morphologically abnormal spermatozoa of 12 further breeding-type budgerigars were classified via eosin staining and their frequency in percent was determined. In the last part of the investigation the actual testicle-activity based on these spermdata of 37 different budgerigars was compared with the endoscopically determined status of the gonads. Among the 41 budgerigars seven exhibited a permanent azoospermia. A further bird showed a constant teratozoospermia. For the two-day collection interval in the first main trial both breeding lines gave rise to approximately the same total sperm number. In extension from two to seven days collecting-interval total sperm account increased more for breeding-type than for exhibition-type birds. Besides this semen volume and sperm concentration did not increase proportionally with the extension of the interval. Thus a short collection-intervall of 2 or 3 days is most reliable for semen analysis and AI (artificial insemination) within this order. Neither pH or alive-dead ratio showed significantly differences in relation to the breeding-line and to the extension of the collection-interval. In the second part of the main investigation it was demonstrated, that malformation of the head-region dominate among morphological aberrant spermatozoa of this species. Both trials confirmed for the first time for pet-birds that moult reduces semen production significantly. Following a short increase, sperm production ceased during moulting. Additionally a significantly higher number of malformed spermatozoons were found. Comparing the testicle activity and status of the gonads endoscopically determined showed for the first time, that the appearance of the deferent duct is the most important criterion in endoscopic evaluation for gonadal activity. The duct of an active testicle" @default.
• W4680614 created "2016-06-24" @default.
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• W4680614 date "2003-02-05" @default.
• W4680614 modified "2023-09-23" @default.
• W4680614 title "Spermagewinnung und untersuchung sowie endoskopische Beurteilung des Geschlechts-apparates in Abhängigkeit von der Spermaproduktion bei Psittaziden am Beispiel des Wellensittichs (Melopsittacus undulatus)" @default.
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