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• W46952121 abstract "The measurement and characterization of ultrashort laser pulses remains an arduous task which can still be achieved with simple devices. The most commonly used pulse-measurement method is known as FROG (Frequency-Resolved Optical Gating) and another version with some experimental simplification and low-priced setup is known as GRENOUILLE (GRating-Eliminated No-nonsense Observation of Ultrafast Incident Laser Light E-fields). Nevertheless remains the interest on a simpler and cheaper setup with equal or better assets. So, in this work we introduce other modifications on the GRENOUILLE method where we replace the original Fresnel biprism by two mirrors and a beam splitter, also using a webcam instead of a digital camera and image grabber board. We present results on the characterization of three different pulse classes: Fourier transform limited; double; and chirped. We compare the recovered E field with further spectral and second order correlation data of the corresponding pulses. Introduction Measuring ultra short laser pulses, has always been a challenge for spectroscopists. For many years it was possible to create ultra short pulses but not to characterize them completely. The precise knowledge of the pulse evolution is necessary for verifying theoretical models of pulse generation. Also, in order to make even shorter pulses it is essential to understand the distortions that limit the length of currently available pulses. Finally, in experiments using these pulses it is always important to know at least the pulse duration in order to determine the temporal resolution of a given experiment. Moreover, in many experiments (studies of molecular vibrations, for example) additional details of the pulse’s structure play an important role in determining the outcome of the experiment. The coherent control achieved by molding light pulses to have rather specific interactions with specific material systems has called the attention to the science of shaping and measuring light fields to steer natural phenomena. Fortunately, remarkable progress has occurred in the development of techniques for the measurement of ultra short laser pulses. The most commonly used pulse-measurement methods able to go down to the few-cycle regime are FROG (frequency resolved optical gating)[1],[2] and spectral phase interferometry for direct electric-field reconstruction (SPIDER)[7],[8] both of which exist in numerous variants, showing to achieve high accuracy [9] and high precision matching the reconstructed electric field [10]. A variation of the FROG method is the GRENOUILLE (Grating-eliminated no-nonsense observation of ultra fast incident laser light E-fields)[3] where some experimental simplification is introduced. In this wok we show a modified version of GRENOUILLE where further improvements were added like the replacement of the Fresnel biprism by two simple mirrors. As in GRENOUILLE we use a thick BBO as an SHG crystal. The idea is to have a simple and cheap as possible equipment and at the same time that has a simple alignment. Experimental Setup Like GRENOUILLE we use a thick (6x5x8mm, cut 28) SHG crystal (BBO-beta-barium borate) that performs the self-gating process (see figure 1, top view; figure 2, side view). A significant simplification is achieved in the standard setup where beams that are split and crossed by a Fresnel biprism, are automatically aligned in space and in time. Alternatively in our setup the two beams, created by the beam-splitter, cross in the crystal with a variable delay, along the X-coordinate, given by the cross angle and the diameter of the beams. One of the mirrors and the beam splitter are fixed and so we need to align them only once. The other mirror can be used to change the crossing angle of the beams (this angle defines the delay range when the beams cross in the SHG crystal, is but fixed for the biprism) and also to generate additional delay between the pulses generated by the mirror translation. The thick crystal has a relatively small phase-matching bandwidth, so the phase-matched wavelength produced by it varies with angle. Along the Y-coordinate the beams are focused with a cylindrical lens (f=100mm), so that the convergence angle is great enough to accommodate all the wavelengths that constitute the pulse. Thus, the thick crystal also acts as a spectrometer. The group-velocity mismatch, GVM, accumulates a dephasing along the crystal length, L, between fundamental and second harmonic. Therefore if τp XXVI ENFMC Annals of Optics Volume5 2003 is the pulse length GVM • L >> τ p is the condition to achieve the necessary spectral resolution. In order to avoid pulse spread in time, group-velocity dispersion, GVD, must also satisfy GVD • L > τp /τc , where the ratio is also known as the time-bandwidth product (TBP) of the pulse. Figure 1 – M1, M2, and M3: mirrors; BM: beam splitter; L: cylindrical lens; C: BBO crystal; W: web-cam. ω 2 ω L ω ω BM M2 M3 M1" @default.
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• W46952121 date "2003-01-01" @default.
• W46952121 modified "2023-09-27" @default.
• W46952121 title "Ultra-short pulse characteristics measured with GRENOUILLE" @default.
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