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- W47469094 abstract "The lithalsas that occur in Hudsonie, northern Québec, Canada, are modern-day analogues to the features that formed the shallow depressions ('viviers') that occur today on the Hautes Fagnes, Belgium. Observations made in the two regions are complementary. They demonstrate that these periglacial mounds form first by vertical upheaving and later by lateral enlargment. The main observations in favour of this thesis are : 1) the regular morphology, either cicular or oval, of both actual lithalsas and traces of previous lithalsas, cannot be explained by simple vertical heave ; 2) the lateral extension of lithalsas, inferred from relict forms in the Hautes Fagnes, is clearly evident ; 3) the ramparts cannot be explained in terms of simple erosion of the lithalsa surface and subsequent lateral downslope movement of material under gravity to form the ramparts because (a) very low slope angles are involved and (b) thermokarst activity would have been initiated by the erosion ; 4) the oblique inclination of ice lenses observed within a lithalsa in Hudsonie indicates that the freezing plane (i.e. top of permafrost) was lateral, on the sides. In permafrost regions today, aggradational ice forms by segregation at the permafrost table. If the latter is inclined, the growth of aggradational ice can heave material both upwards and laterally. Therefore, enlargement of a lithalsa, and the preservation of its ramparts following thaw degradation, are thought to be associated with the growth of aggradational ice on the inclined permafrost table that surrounds the mound. This process is called frost thrusting. The snow accumulations on the border of the lithalses explain the direction of advance of the freezing front. Calculation of the possible pressures developed by the growth of segregated ice supports this thesis. Figure 14 illustrates how lithalsas are thought to form. This explanation has to be verified in the arctic permafrost region of northern Quebec by excavating sections through actual lithalsas using a portable high pressure water pump." @default.
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- W47469094 date "2007-01-01" @default.
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- W47469094 title "La formation des lithalses et leur croissance latérale" @default.
- W47469094 doi "https://doi.org/10.3406/barb.2007.28635" @default.
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