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• W47515165 abstract "The three studies presented in this thesis were designed to test the utility of a model of adjustment to parenting a child with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). The application of the Double ABCX Model of Family Adaptation to families with a child with ADHD proposes that the level of stressors, pile-up, resources, perceptions and coping strategies experienced by parents affects the way in which they adjust to having a child with the disorder. Five main aims were addressed in order to examine the model. The first aim was to develop an understanding of the ways in which parents of children with ADHD experience the process of adjustment. The second aim was to validate whether constructs identified by previous research as being central to adjustment for parents in general were central to the adjustment of parents of children with ADHD and to clarify the role of variables which had not been clearly examined. The third aim was to identify the coping strategies used by parents in order to develop a coping measure. These aims were addressed through a qualitative research design. The fourth aim was to apply the findings of the qualitative research within the framework of the Double ABCX Model to investigate the gender differences involved in adjusting to having a child with ADHD. The fifth aim was to test the utility of the Double ABCX Model’s in predicting adjustment for mothers and fathers of a child with ADHD both cross-sectionally and longitudinally. These aims were addressed through a quantitative research design. Study 1 involved semi-structured interviews conducted individually with 14 mothers and 8 fathers of a child with ADHD. Parental reports were analysed using content analysis techniques and major themes were organised under the categories of the model. Findings were combined with previous literature in order to develop a series of variables representing each of the factors of the model that were central to adjustment for parents of children with ADHD. These included severity of the child’s ADHD behaviours (stressors), stressful life events (pile-up), use of health professional support, community resources, social support and optimism (resources), attributions of ADHD behaviours and stress appraisal (perceptions), and the use of problem solving, avoidance, social support seeking and concealment coping strategies (coping strategies). Adjustment variables included levels of distress, physical health, parental efficacy and relationship satisfaction. A questionnaire was devised that included a measure of each of these variables using both existing scales and those developed within the present research. In study 2, 143 participants (113 mothers and 30 fathers) completed the questionnaire developed within Study 1. Gender differences in each of the variables relating to adjustment were examined. Findings revealed that gender differences were found to exist in each of the factors of the model. Mothers were more likely than fathers to experience higher levels of stressors and pile-up, less social supports and lower satisfaction with community resources. Mothers were also more likely to experience higher stress appraisal, use more coping strategies and experience higher distress than fathers of a child with ADHD. Study 3 consisted of an examination of the utility of the Double ABCX Model crosssectionally (Time 1) and longitudinally (Time 2). Data from the questionnaire used in Study 2 was used to examine the model at Time 1. Ninety-eight participants from the same sample completed a second questionnaire following an eight month time period (Time 2). Findings supported the utility of the Double ABCX Model in predicting adjustment in parents of children with ADHD both cross-sectionally and longitudinally. Results revealed that stressors, pile-up, resources, attributions and appraisals, and coping strategies were related to levels of adjustment for parents of children with ADHD. Findings also revealed that there were certain variables that were more central to adjustment and that specific sets of variables predicted better outcomes for parents. Results also revealed that certain predictors were more highly associated with particular domains of adjustment. Overall, the three studies provide considerable support for the Double ABCX Model and its application to parents of children with ADHD. Findings also highlight the unique difficulties experienced by these families and clarify the role of certain variables in parental adjustment. The implications for many areas of clinical practice including treatment plans, parent programmes, resilience building and service delivery are discussed." @default.
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• W47515165 title "An examination of mothers' and fathers' adjustment to having a child with ADHD: An application of the Double ABCX Model of Family Adaptation" @default.
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