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- W47561013 abstract "A substantial fraction of the populations of many nations is foreign born, and flows of immigrants remain heavy in many countries. Some analysts believe immigrants ease the tax burden for supporting aging populations; others believe immigrants impose net tax burdens due to costly public assistance, health, and education. Some nations select immigrants expected to have a positive impact. Most empirical analysis takes a cross-sectional perspective, examining taxes and benefits for immigrant individuals or immigrant households. However, a longitudinal approach is to be preferred; it is important to view the whole life cycle of immigrants and their descendents. Careful longitudinal analysis for the US indicates that immigrant characteristics matter: immigrants arriving young have a positive long-term impact, old ones are very costly; highly educated immigrants have a large positive impact, while those with little education have little impact. Overall, immigrants are beneficial for transfer programs to the elderly (health and pensions), and in the US benefit the federal budget which funds these programs. They are costly for programs which provide services for children (mainly education), which in the US are funded by state and local governments. Averaging across immigrant characteristics, the net present value of the fiscal impact of an immigrant and descendants is +$105,000 at the federal level, −$25,000 at the state/local level, and +$80,000 overall. Initially, the average immigrant in total is costly, but after a decade or two the impact turns increasingly positive." @default.
- W47561013 created "2016-06-24" @default.
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- W47561013 date "2001-01-01" @default.
- W47561013 modified "2023-09-26" @default.
- W47561013 title "Immigration: Consequences for Fiscal Developments in the Receiving Population" @default.
- W47561013 cites W2053833495 @default.
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- W47561013 doi "https://doi.org/10.1016/b0-08-043076-7/02217-8" @default.
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