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• W48060209 abstract "The author examines manner in which traditions are transmitted, modifed and even invented in modem, increasingly multi-ethnic, societies in order to provide necessary degree of social cohesion. Key Words: Tradition, National Identity, Multi-Ethnic Societies, Cultural Transmission, Hinduism Some find tradition like proverbial bag of salt on back of donkey which wanted to cross river, and some others perceive it as beauty of past that is to be treasured forever: for some, tradition is cataract in eyes of humanity, while for others it is eyes themselves (Szacki, 1969: 17). Some tend to eulogize everything that is traditional, while others are too ready to condemn everything that is traditional. Perhaps issue here is relation between past and present, between continuity and change and creative ambiguity inherent in relationship, because an overcritical attitude is as harmful as blind obeisance (Sinha, 1988: xiv). The object of this paper is to focus on dynamic aspect of tradition within context of nation, community and identity. A preliminary discussion of nation, community and identity provides backdrop for an analysis of dynamic aspect of tradition. In course of this study an attempt is made to delve into three components of tradition: emergence of `invented tradition', appearance or disappearance of negative tradition and little and great tradition with specific reference to India. Nation - Community and Identity Nation is modern phenomenon arising out of specific modern conditions providing possibility for large participant Nation is neither immemorial nor self-generative but construct. Nation-building, according to Karl Deutsch, was result of twin processes of communication and social mobilization (Smith, 1988: 5). The emergence of nation-state is generally attributed to three related processes of centralization: the emergence of supra-local identities and cultures (`the nation'); rise of powerful and authoritative institutions within public domain (`the state), and development of particular ways of organizing production and consumption (`the economy') (Grillo, 1980: 1). Setting aside various disputes1 regarding nature of relationship between these three processes, it can safely be remarked that forging of identity - more specifically in pluralistic society, simultaneously creates diversity. As it is evident from break up of former Soviet Union, anti-national rebellions in giving birth to new nation states have attained respect and recognition as successful nationalist movements. In words of Peter van der Veer, the centralizing force of nation building itself sprouts centrifugal forces that crystallize around other dreams of nationhood: nationalism creates other nationalisms - religious, ethnic, linguistic, secular - but not common culture. (1994:14-15). The differences in pluralistic societies and consequent attempts towards centralization and homogenization contain also seeds of heterogenization because of explosive dimension inherent in tradition of smaller communities. The explosive nature of their traditions irrupts powerfully when they are pushed to periphery and when their very existence is under threat. Smith speaks of two overlapping concepts of nation. The first view - civic or territorial - is very much western conception. As per this understanding, following four vital spheres constitute nation: territory, law, economy and education. The other view perceives nation as named human populations with claims to common ancestry, democratic solidarity, common customs and languages and common native history. The features that figure in latter conception of nation are, according to Smith, precisely those features of community which define ethnicity and ethnic identity. He defines an ethnic community as a named human population possessing myth of common descent, common historical memories, elements of shared culture, an association with particular territory and sense of solidarity (Smith, 1988: 5). …" @default.
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• W48060209 date "1997-01-01" @default.
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• W48060209 title "The Role of Tradition in Modern Societies: A Sociological Discourse" @default.
• W48060209 hasPublicationYear "1997" @default.
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