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- W48331539 endingPage "527" @default.
- W48331539 startingPage "493" @default.
- W48331539 abstract "Abstract Small quantities of metals introduced into flames near 2000 K can form oxides and hydroxides as well as free atoms. Metallic flame ions have been observed by a variety of techniques including mass-spectrometric sampling where anions as well as cations have been identified. The collisional (thermal) ionization of alkali and some group 3A metals (Ga, In and Tl), and the chemi-ionization of alkaline earth metals and Sn have been studied in hydrogen flames where the degree of natural flame ionization is low. Ion pair formation of alkali and group 3A metals with halogens has also been investigated. Additional channels exist for the chemical ionization (CI) of metallic neutral species by ion-molecule reactions in hydrocarbon flames where the level of natural ionization is much higher. Mechanisms include proton and electron (charge) transfer, addition or association reactions like hydration, and electron attachment. Accordingly, metallic flame ions have also been observed for other elements of group 3A (Al as well as Ga, In and Tl), group 4A (Ge, Sn and Pb), and first-row transition metals (Sc to Cu, not Zn) as well as oxy-anions of group 6B metals (Cr, Mo and W). The flame medium favours metal-oxygen, but not metal-carbon or metal-hydrogen, bond formation. The ion chemistry of metals in flames is reviewed and discussed, and some suggestions are made for future studies." @default.
- W48331539 created "2016-06-24" @default.
- W48331539 creator A5031903672 @default.
- W48331539 date "1992-01-01" @default.
- W48331539 modified "2023-09-24" @default.
- W48331539 title "METAL ION CHEMISTRY IN FLAMES" @default.
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