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• W48805105 abstract "In this chapter, thermodynamics as a science that connects physics and biology by the phenomenology of energetic transformations is considered. However, thermodynamics is the simplest model of physical systems, with only two levels of hierarchy: the macroscopic and microscopic. The macroscopic nature of basic thermodynamic quantities—energy, heat and work, free energy, and thermodynamic entropy—is discussed together with the main properties of free energy dissipation or entropy production. The biological multileveled hierarchy and thermodynamic two-leveled hierarchy are compared. A growing role of phenomenological outline in the unified description of the multiple/complex hierarchy of biological systems is suggested. The role of extreme principles in physical description is illustrated in the second section. Two opposite concepts—the Prigogine principle of the minimum entropy production and the Ziegler principle of the maximum rate of energy dissipation—are discussed. The relation of the Ziegler principle to the least action principle has been suggested. The dimensionality idea is used to interpret the least action principle of thermodynamics. In the third section, the dynamic optimal control formulation of mechanics is illustrated. Using this example, the dynamic optimal control approach to formulate the variational framework for nonequilibrium thermodynamics has been proposed. Traditional Lagrange and Hamilton formulations of the variational problem for nonequilibrium thermodynamics are illustrated, as is the Hamilton–Jacobi equation. Within this optimal control-based variational approach, the role of free energy in the cost (penalty) function is discussed, as well as the energetical cost/penalty interpretation of the Lagrangian and Hamiltonian functions and the thermodynamic momenta. Relaxation in an RC circuit in terms of proposed approach is illustrated as simple physical example." @default.
• W48805105 created "2016-06-24" @default.
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• W48805105 date "2012-01-01" @default.
• W48805105 modified "2023-10-14" @default.
• W48805105 title "Extreme Energy Dissipation" @default.
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• W48805105 doi "https://doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-385187-1.00001-0" @default.
• W48805105 hasPublicationYear "2012" @default.
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