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• W4965819 abstract "1. Suppletion in Germanic Like other Indo-European languages, also Germanic occasionally employed forms deriving from historically different roots in its inflectional paradigms. In the case where it is not possible to show a relationship between MORPHEMES through a general rule, because the forms involved have different roots, we deal with suppletion (Crystal 1980). In Germanic, the phenomenon is most evident in adjectival comparison as well as in pronominal and verbal inflection. As regards verbs in Indo-European and Germanic, suppletion dominates in the paradigms of verbs having the sense 'be'. For example, the Indo-European roots *es- *s- : *bhu--/bheu- : *wes- and the Germanic root *ar- survive as the contemporary English forms is : be : was: are, etc. Less consistently, suppletion is found in other verbs, especially those with the sense 'have' and 'go'. The verb of motion go exhibits suppletion in practically all Indo-European languages, except Persian, Kurdish, and Armenian. Although Latin failed to have developed suppletive forms of go, its descendants, i.e. contemporary Romance languages, demonstrate a wide range of such forms; cf. It. vado '(I) go' : andare 'to go', Sp. voy '(I) go' : iba '(I) went' : ir 'to go', and Fr. vais '(I) go' : irai '(I) went' : aller 'to go', etc. Although the suppletive forms of go in Germanic (cf. Go. gaggan, OE gan/gangan 'to go': Go. iddja, OE eode 'went') are continuations of the Indo-European roots *gheugh and *ei respectively, the relevant preterite in Old English is hypothesised to be a direct reflection of the Germanic preterite *eo (sg.). The root *eo which developed to *eu was subsequently contracted to form the diphthong *eu, which ultimately yielded the sequence *eo. The attachment of the weak suffix *-d- to the root of the lst/3rd singular indicative (but not to the forms of the optative; cf. Fourquet 1941-1942) may have been effected after the contraction eu > eu, when a more substantial form representing the preterite was in demand (cf. Cowgill 1960; also Prokosch 1939: 224). If this was the case, the extension of the weak verbal ending was determined by purely functional factors. The present paper is an attempt at showing how, although successful in disposing of the original suppletive form, English failed to eliminate suppletion as a systemic feature in the forms of the verb go. Another aim is to present the circumstances of the spread in dialects of another suppletive form, went(e), which replaced eode, -on in the standard speech despite the occasional use in Middle English dialects of the quasi-regular forms gaed/goed. 2. The verb go in Old and Middle English In Old English, the preterite of gan showed only little variation, its principal form eode being paralleled by dade in Mercian (Ru (1), i.e. Rushworth Gospels) and in Northumbrian, where the form 3eead (PP; cf. Campbell 1959 : 348) was also used. In Middle English, the preterite eode survived as either yode, which exhibits stress shift from the first to the second element of the diphthong, or as 3e-(o)de, yede, etc., the latter form with either insertion of initial]- or preservation of the transformed old perfective prefix 3e (> y-; cf. Brunner 1962: 283). It was in that period that the new suppletive form wente began to replace the descendants of eode in a process which was conditioned geographically. The existing accounts of the change scattered in sections on morphology in historical grammars are, to say the least, very modest. A typical example of how the process is accounted for is Lass (1992: 142-143): (1) ...developments of eode remained through the fifteenth century as yede/yode. In the north, however, a new suppletive past developed quite early: wente, originally the past of wendan 'tum'. This spread south in the thirteenth and fourteenth centuries, gradually replacing yede/yode. Chaucer has wente as his normal form, though yede still occurs occasionally, always in rhyme positions (e. …" @default.
• W4965819 created "2016-06-24" @default.
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• W4965819 date "2001-01-01" @default.
• W4965819 modified "2023-09-24" @default.
• W4965819 title "Suppletion for Suppletion, or the Replacement of Eode by Went in English (1)" @default.
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