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• W50257735 abstract "Crime prevention work, both in Australia and overseas, has long been distinctive for its strong commitment to the use of of approaches to the development of policies and the implementation of programs. Whole of government approaches are built on the assumption that because we know the causes of crime are complex and multifaceted, then preventive responses will be more effective if we combine the efforts of all the relevant government agencies (and community and business groups) into a single coordinated strategy. However, using a detailed analysis of the experience of the UK's Crime Reduction Programme, this paper illustrates that implementing a whole of government approach can present many practical challenges and difficulties that need to be carefully planned for and managed in order that the improved benefits can be seen to outweigh the additional costs. Toni Makkai Director The complex and various causes of crime are now better and more widely understood than ever before. These causes can range from aspects of an individual's personal characteristics and how they relate to their families and communities, through to social and structural factors such as access to and achievement of health, education, employment and housing opportunities. Furthermore, these factors can be deeply embedded, stretching back over generations in patterns that are repeated in apparently unbreakable cycles (Homel et al. 1999). With this better understanding of the causes of crime we have also improved our understanding of the type and mix of measures that can be used to bring about sustained reductions and the longterm prevention of crime. As such, we have expanded our traditional repertoire beyond deterrence, detection and incapacitation through police, courts and prisons, to include measures aimed at tackling the social and economic determinants of crime and attempting to improve opportunities for individual and community success along the developmental pathways that can lead a person into crime or keep them involved (Homel et al. 1999). More recently, we have cometo recognise that the interventions that make up these new programs are likely to have a greater chance of success if they are designed and undertaken as a package of closely linked and coordinated measures. In this way the possible perverse or contradictory effects of separate single measures can be planned for and designed out prior to implementation. A number of positive examples of this sort of approach can typically be found around public health partnerships (Rousssos & Fawcett 2000). For example, it is generally believed that the establishment of policies, protocols and local agreements about not doing high visibility street level policing of drug offenders near drug treatment clinics can assist in achieving positive health and social outcomes (for example, reduced HIV infection rates) without having significant negative effects on drug related crime problems. For this to be effective, police and health authorities have to work closely with local government, businesses and residents to ensure that the goals of improved community safety and public health are both achieved in an environment in which public amenity is not disturbed and business is able to continue operating profitably. The experience of public health/ community safety partnerships is certainly not without difficulties or critics. However, this understanding of the need for collaborative policy development and program planning and delivery has also become a key feature of the way Australian crime prevention efforts are organised. Within Australia this is most commonly described as the 'whole of government' approach to crime prevention. However, as already explained, this is an approach that is not unique to crime prevention. Nor is it unique to Australia. Rather, it is an example of a more general shift in public administration away from a command and control mode of governance and towards governance through multiple stakeholders working together to deliver integrated solutions to social problems across sectors and tiers of government. …" @default.
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• W50257735 title "The whole of government approach to crime prevention" @default.
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