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• W50556705 abstract "I. Introduction This Article will expand the Symposium's dialogue on law, technology, and national security in two ways: first, by examining the intersection of those three subjects through the optic of public international law versus domestic statutes, regulations, or case law; and second, by providing broader context for the related legal and policy challenges that are simultaneously confronting many countries. A global perspective on these issues is essential because no single nation's declaratory policy or legal interpretations will be binding on the international community. Moreover, law will be but one factor in determining how nation-states ultimately manage cyber conflicts among themselves in the future. Efforts to analyze information warfare under international law began in the 1990s,1 and since then, numerous governmental, military, academic, and corporate commentators around the world have expressed their personal or organizational views.2 However, the international community itself has yet to reach collective conclusions regarding many aspects of law in cyberspace, including what constitutes an act of aggression or use of force in cyberspace.3 Those legal ambiguities are only exacerbated by the technological limitations that currently preclude definitive attribution of cyber events within the timeframe that would be required for nationalcommand-authority decisions in the face of genuine military attacks.4 With those dual uncertainties - legal and practical - in mind, states are striving to protect their national security interests and critical infrastructures. The threefold objectives of this Article are to (1) elucidate how cyberspace and cyber conflicts are currently being considered by sovereign governments, (2) identify related and unresolved areas of public international law, and (3) describe the strategic dynamic of state practice as it pertains to cyberspace. This Article will not, on the other hand, review the secondary literature in detail, evaluate the legal arguments of any specific nation, or offer a comprehensive framework from the internationalist perspective. The purpose herein is to raise awareness of - rather than critique - the sovereign decisions that are being made within national governments and multilateral organizations as well as their potential impact. Accordingly, the normative discussion will be limited to a single, preambulary admonition that government and military officials in every nation should have the requisite knowledge to be fully cognizant of the international legal ramifications of the actions they take.5 Without such circumspection, they may inadvertently set precedents that could lead to increased insecurity for their own countries and the global community at large.6 II. Territorial Sovereignty A. Misnomer of a Virtual Jurisdiction Although some futurists might argue that cyberspace constitutes a realm unto itself which exists beyond all territorial boundaries and cannot be regulated, nation-states do strive to exercise their sovereignty over cyberspace - albeit ineffectively at times.7 The physical location of actors, victims, and the technical nodes that connect them are of central importance because governments continue to address cyber conflicts involving both state and nonstate actors as matters to be resolved by sovereign powers under their respective legal systems or through bilateral or multilateral agreements with other governments.8 In the case of cybercrime, for instance, those events that cannot be adequately investigated by local law enforcement authorities or fully prosecuted under domestic criminal systems find recourse to transnational judicial cooperation via mutual-legal-assistance treaties and multilateral organizations, such as the International Criminal Police Organization (INTERPOL).9 Furthermore, the nature of the international legal system affords this sovereign-centric approach primacy under the United Nations (U. …" @default.
• W50556705 created "2016-06-24" @default.
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• W50556705 date "2010-06-01" @default.
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• W50556705 title "Sovereign Discourse on Cyber Conflict under International Law" @default.
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