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• W51294924 abstract "RECENT PROGRESS IN ION SOURCES AND PRE ACCELERATORS* '' { p -v v ? K. ' > David J Clark Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory Berkeley, California l - ' '-*-U Summary Recent progress in ion sources is reviewed. The types of sources discussed include positive and negative proton and deuteron sources developed for conventional preaccelerators and for neutral beam applications. Positive heavy ion sources for conventional linacs and for induction linacs are included. Negative heavy ion sources are used for tandem electrostatic accelerators. Posi­ tive and negative polarized ion sources for protons and deuterons inject cyclotrons, tandems and linacs. Some recent preaccelerator designs are summarized. Introduction Ion source development of many different types of sources has been undertaken by groups throughout the world. Groups working on each type of source generally have good communication with each other, but it is also valuable to have interaction between research groups working on different source types. For example, the develop­ ment of the multiaperture sources in the ion engine field and for neutral beams offers useful computer methods and extractor designs for high current njectors for particle physics and heavy ion fusion. The techniques developed in experimental plasma physics are also valuable for ion sources. Tne contact ionization sources developed in plasma studies and also for ion engines are useful for negative heavy ion sources and for high current induction linac injection. Also, the magnetic bucnet confinement system for plasmas is finding applications in high current sources for neutral beam formation. So we need a healthy interaction between various source people and with those in plasma science. The listing and description of ion sources is such a large field that it would take a book to do it justice, such as the one by Valyi.* Recent reviews have been given by Osher^ on many light and heavy ion sources, by Curtis^ on duo- plasniatrons for proton linacs, by Hiddleton on negative heavy ion sources, by Clark^ on heavy ion sources, by Clark and Seliger^ on sources for heavy ion fusion, by Haeberli? and Glavish^ on polarized ion sources, and by Kunkel on neutral beams for fusion. The present review will concen- Ltn,.^ on sources developed for particle acceler­ a t e s -id sources developed for other fields which may have useful applications in particle acceler­ ators. In such a large field of development, only a few typical examples can be chosen to illustrate recent developments in each source area. Positive Light I_on Sources Positive Sources for Accelerators Sources for conventional linacs, summarizpi] by Curtis,' have traditionally been duoplasmatrons producing up to -5A of proton current with a normalized emittance after the column of .5 • cnrmrad and a duty factor of 10~3. Recently duoplasmatrons have been developed for dc operation for several applications. Los Alamos has tested an annular duoplasma- tronlO which produces a 250 mA dc beam of hydrogen ions at 125 keV as a prototype for an Intense Neutron Source (INS) of tritium bombarding a deuterium gas jet. The annular design was chosen because it could produce a large area plasma, and could be easily cooled for long lifetime. The emittance was found to be large, perhaps due to the radial arc contribution to the transverse ion velocity. A Pierce column was used with 6.4 cm diameter extraction iris. The authors suggest that a cusp-field source would satisfy the require­ ments of simplicity, uniform plasma and low emit­ tance, and a modified Pierce column is preferred. Chalk River has developed a dc duoplasmatronl 1 for the Fast Intense Neutron Source (FINS) project, which will use a 25 mA, 300 keV deu'.erium beam on a rotating tritium-titanium target. The source uses a ceramic plasma expansion cup to reJuce the emittance. Beam intensity is 44 mA of hydrogen ions at 74 kV, with 73S protons and a normalized emittance of .In cm-mrad. The duopigatron has also been developea for dc beams in the 100 mA range. J. Osher of the Lawrence Livermore Laboratory is developing a dc duopigatron source for 150 mA of 400 iceV D* beams to bombard a rotating tritium target for • the Rotating Target Neutron Source-II (RTNS-II). » The source is one of the MATS series, which is scaled down from a 1 A injectorl-i for the Baseball fusion experiment, shown in Fig. 1. It uses a multi-aperture (round holes) extraction system. The 3 grid plate accel-decel arrangement blocks secondary electron flow and increases extraction voltage. The beam is analyzed by a 90° magnet in the high voltage terminal to separate the D from molecular species. A solenoid lens then matches the beam to a large aperture (10 cm dia­ meter), low gradient (15 kV/cm) column. Complete space charge neutralization is assumed in the terminal and in the ground transport. The per- *Work supported by U.S. Department of Energy. oisTflwmn* PI T < r MM-MM^T <Z UNIY-MH^" @default.
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• W51294924 date "2010-06-11" @default.
• W51294924 modified "2023-09-23" @default.
• W51294924 title "RECENT PROGRESS IN ION SOURCES AND PREACCELERATORS" @default.
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