FRINK Linked Data Fragments server

Matches in SemOpenAlex for { <https://semopenalex.org/work/W51693345> ?p ?o ?g. }

• W51693345 abstract "What originally began as a State Department program to facilitate exchanges of scientific and cultural knowledge has deviated far from its original intent. While some aspects of the J-1 exchange Visitor Program are unquestionably valuable - for example, allowing exceptionally talented non-U.S. citizens to study, research, and teach in the United States as Fulbright Scholars - most exchanges under the program are primarily employment-related. In fact, the J-1 Exchange Visitor Program is now the largest U.S. guestworker program in terms of annual admissions. Of the 350,000 exchange visitors and their spouses and dependents who entered the country in 2010, nearly 300,000 were employed in full- or part-time jobs during their stay. Exchange visitors from China, Russia, Brazil, and other countries all over the world are working in the United States as au pairs, ride operators at amusement parks, hotel maids, laborers on dairy farms, and other semi- or unskilled workers as well as in professional occupations such as teachers and physicians. This report is the product of an extensive six-month review of the J-1 Exchange Visitor Program. The analyses, described in the body of the report, led to a number of key findings, which are summarized below: The program displaces U.S. workers by providing significant direct and indirect financial incentives for individuals, companies and organizations that recruit exchange visitors as workers, “sponsor” exchange visitors, and hire them as lower-cost labor alternatives to U.S. workers or foreign guestworkers in other nonimmigrant visa classifications that provide greater protections for U.S. workers. Employers can legally discriminate against U.S. workers in favor of J-1 exchange visitors because they are not required to advertise their available jobs or seek available U.S. workers. This is true even in areas with persistently high unemployment, where many able and available U.S. workers may be willing to take even temporary jobs. Lax oversight and inadequate regulations allow employers to simply coordinate with sponsors to obtain foreign workers or sponsor those workers themselves, entirely bypassing the U.S. workforce. U.S. workers that are displaced by J-1 workers have no protections or enforcement tools under the State Department regulations. For example, employers are not required to pay exchange visitor workers a prevailing wage, the lack of which exerts downward pressure on the wages of U.S. workers. The State Department has outsourced the monitoring of compliance with program rules and oversight of program performance to the program sponsors and employers, who have a vested interest in optimizing their returns from the program. Sponsors and employers cannot be expected to report violations, which would jeopardize their financial gains. This amounts to an obvious conflict of interest. Because participants incur significant debt to participate in the Exchange Visitor Program and to travel to the United States, and because they are unable to easily switch between employers, they arrive virtually indentured to their employer. Outsourcing oversight of the program to sponsors and employers leaves the J-1 worker without adequate protection- and some have suffered exploitation as a result. Some program participants have been found living in overcrowded conditions, others begging, and in the most extreme cases forced to work in the sex trade. Housing what is essentially a labor program (and advertised as such on recruitment websites) in an agency concerned with foreign affairs doesn’t make sense. In addition to a lack of expertise in policing the labor market, the State Department currently has only 13 compliance officers overseeing a program with more than 350,000 participants; thus their ability and resources to investigate complaints or violations by employers and sponsors are extremely limited. Over the past 21 years, government auditors, including the State Department’s own Inspector General, have published three reports with scathing criticisms of the lack of oversight, the lack of data to make meaningful labor market assessments, and many other failings in the program. Nevertheless, while the size of the program has increased by 96% in those 21 years, no significant steps have been taken to address the concerns outlined in the reports. The four major flaws in the program that are most critical to address include: the lack of protection for U.S. workers; the State Department’s overbroad authority to create new guestworker programs; the significant and inappropriate financial incentives for J visa sponsors and their partners; and the program’s flawed system of management, data collection, oversight, compliance, and enforcement." @default.
• W51693345 created "2016-06-24" @default.
• W51693345 creator A5039981026 @default.
• W51693345 date "2011-01-01" @default.
• W51693345 modified "2023-09-26" @default.
• W51693345 title "Guestworker Diplomacy: J Visas Receive Minimal Oversight Despite Significant Implications for the U.S. Labor Market" @default.
• W51693345 doi "https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.1929572" @default.
• W51693345 hasPublicationYear "2011" @default.
• W51693345 type Work @default.
• W51693345 sameAs 51693345 @default.
• W51693345 citedByCount "1" @default.
• W51693345 countsByYear W516933452015 @default.
• W51693345 crossrefType "journal-article" @default.
• W51693345 hasAuthorship W51693345A5039981026 @default.
• W51693345 hasConcept C144133560 @default.
• W51693345 hasConcept C162324750 @default.
• W51693345 hasConcept C175444787 @default.
• W51693345 hasConcept C17744445 @default.
• W51693345 hasConcept C18918823 @default.
• W51693345 hasConcept C191935318 @default.
• W51693345 hasConcept C199360897 @default.
• W51693345 hasConcept C199539241 @default.
• W51693345 hasConcept C2524010 @default.
• W51693345 hasConcept C29122968 @default.
• W51693345 hasConcept C33923547 @default.
• W51693345 hasConcept C39549134 @default.
• W51693345 hasConcept C41008148 @default.
• W51693345 hasConcept C48947383 @default.
• W51693345 hasConcept C557252395 @default.
• W51693345 hasConcept C90673727 @default.
• W51693345 hasConcept C94625758 @default.
• W51693345 hasConceptScore W51693345C144133560 @default.
• W51693345 hasConceptScore W51693345C162324750 @default.
• W51693345 hasConceptScore W51693345C175444787 @default.
• W51693345 hasConceptScore W51693345C17744445 @default.
• W51693345 hasConceptScore W51693345C18918823 @default.
• W51693345 hasConceptScore W51693345C191935318 @default.
• W51693345 hasConceptScore W51693345C199360897 @default.
• W51693345 hasConceptScore W51693345C199539241 @default.
• W51693345 hasConceptScore W51693345C2524010 @default.
• W51693345 hasConceptScore W51693345C29122968 @default.
• W51693345 hasConceptScore W51693345C33923547 @default.
• W51693345 hasConceptScore W51693345C39549134 @default.
• W51693345 hasConceptScore W51693345C41008148 @default.
• W51693345 hasConceptScore W51693345C48947383 @default.
• W51693345 hasConceptScore W51693345C557252395 @default.
• W51693345 hasConceptScore W51693345C90673727 @default.
• W51693345 hasConceptScore W51693345C94625758 @default.
• W51693345 hasLocation W516933451 @default.
• W51693345 hasOpenAccess W51693345 @default.
• W51693345 hasPrimaryLocation W516933451 @default.
• W51693345 hasRelatedWork W109755288 @default.
• W51693345 hasRelatedWork W1498172381 @default.
• W51693345 hasRelatedWork W1560317458 @default.
• W51693345 hasRelatedWork W1719849761 @default.
• W51693345 hasRelatedWork W2000132087 @default.
• W51693345 hasRelatedWork W2070349987 @default.
• W51693345 hasRelatedWork W2219630659 @default.
• W51693345 hasRelatedWork W2237586359 @default.
• W51693345 hasRelatedWork W2474387081 @default.
• W51693345 hasRelatedWork W255285559 @default.
• W51693345 hasRelatedWork W276214213 @default.
• W51693345 hasRelatedWork W2793727428 @default.
• W51693345 hasRelatedWork W280470804 @default.
• W51693345 hasRelatedWork W2950731082 @default.
• W51693345 hasRelatedWork W3122716670 @default.
• W51693345 hasRelatedWork W3177011170 @default.
• W51693345 hasRelatedWork W3200735675 @default.
• W51693345 hasRelatedWork W832931097 @default.
• W51693345 hasRelatedWork W94265050 @default.
• W51693345 hasRelatedWork W2602308655 @default.
• W51693345 isParatext "false" @default.
• W51693345 isRetracted "false" @default.
• W51693345 magId "51693345" @default.
• W51693345 workType "article" @default.