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- W5227411 abstract "Neuromodulation and Chronic Pain Theodosiadis P, Samoladas E, Grosomanidis V, Karakoulas K, Vasilakos D Chronic pain causes extreme suffering for millions of people worldwide. It is the leading cause for lost workdays and patients often undergo expensive courses of treatment. Because chronic pain is often difficult to relieve for sustained periods of time, it can have a significant impact on person’s quality of life. Current primary methods for treatment include drugs (usually opioids or antiinflammatory medications), surgical intervention, physical therapy and psychotherapy. However, more invasive treatments may be needed for patients with severe intractable pain who do not respond to these less invasive treatments. Since Melzack and Wall’s Gate Theory of Pain was first proposed, an improved understanding of neuroscience has lead to development of implantable ‘neuromodulatory’ technologies for refractory pain. Simply put, such technologies involve drug delivery to, electrical stimulation of neural pathways. In the pain management context, neuromodulation aims to reduce afferent activity within pain pathways by targeted electrical neurostimulation or drug delivery into CSF. Targets for implanted neurostimulators include the spinal cord, peripheral nerves or brain, while implantable pumps deliver analgesic drugs to intrathecal or intracerebroventricular sites. Implantable neuromodulation therapies are expensive, invasive and prone to side effects and complications. Clinicians and health professionals involved with implantation and aftercare of such devices require a high level of expertise. In spite of these challenges the uptake of these therapies continues to rise worldwide as does the evidence for cost effectiveness due to reduced expenditure on conventional medical management. This article will describe types of electrical neurostimulation in terms of “neuromodulation techniques” such as spinal cord stimulation, peripheral nerve stimulation, targeted stimulation and external neuromodulation procedures." @default.
- W5227411 created "2016-06-24" @default.
- W5227411 creator A5012735342 @default.
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- W5227411 date "2008-01-01" @default.
- W5227411 modified "2023-09-27" @default.
- W5227411 title "NEUROMODULATION AND CHRONIC PAIN" @default.
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