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- W53185389 abstract "The US and Armenian Genocide The Burning Tigris: The Armenian Genocide and America's Response, by Peter Balakian. New York: HarperCollins Publishers, Inc., 2003. xx + 391 pages. Notes top. 433. List of photograph and map acknowledgments to p. 436. Gloss, to p. 439. Bibl. to p. 453. Acknowledgments to p. 457. Index to 475. $26.95. America and Armenian Genocide of 1915, ed. by Jay Winter. Cambridge, UK, New York, Port Melbourne, Australia, Madrid, Spain, and Cape Town, South Africa: Cambridge University Press, 2003. xii + 308 pages. Index to p. 317. $36. Starving Armenians: America and Armenian Genocide, 1915-1930 and After, by Merrill D. Peterson. Charlottesville, VA and London, UK: University of Virginia Press, 2004. xiv + 178 pages. Notes to p. 192. Index to p. 199. $24.95. In a posthumously published article, Thomas A. Bryson, historian of US relations with Middle East, complained there is as yet no single published study covers of US foreign policy toward Armenian Question its entirety and proper relationship to broad scope of America's international relations. All too often, he added, the literature has been filiopietistic, written from perspective of missionary-philanthropist. Seldom is subject presented from point of view of interests of United States.'News of Christian Armenians subjected to deportations and massacred by Muslim Turks, this filiopietistic view maintains, so moved American public opinion missionaries and philanthropists, armed with indomitable spirit of humanitarianism, generated enormous sums of money for relief aid for survivors of genocide between 1915 and 1923. Twenty years after publication of Bryson's article, literature on this subject has remained same. Analyses of this sort fail to evaluate accurately US foreign policy toward Armenian Question as they focus nearly exclusively on American missionaries and relief aid and in so doing ignore broader domestic and international issues in, and wider scholarship on, US diplomatic history in this period. Offering a more accurate assessment of US responses to genocides in 20th century, Samantha Power has emphasized despite abundant early warnings in each case, US government, from Wilson to Clinton administration, failed to act. It is in realm of domestic politics, Power has contended, that battle to stop genocide is lost as a result of failure of lawmakers in Congress to act and public opinion and non-governmental groups to influence policy.2 I would add, however, domestic politics also include policies pertaining to corporate interests, industrialization, and economic development, a combination of which historically have, at least from perspective of industrialists and policymakers, necessitated government promotion and protection of American interests abroad and which have taken precedence over humanitarian considerations. The administration of Woodrow Wilson - his rhetoric of moralism notwithstanding - was no exception. By 1913, when Wilson administration entered White House, American missionaries and commercial interests, with support of Departments of State and Navy, had for nearly a century been shaping US foreign policy toward Middle East.3 The administration cultivated close government-business relations and, continuing policies of Open Door and Dollar Diplomacy of its predecessors, sought to maintain friendly relations with Young Turk leaders in Constantinople.4 The history of US economic policy and its implications for US responses to Armenian Question and Genocide, however, are ignored by three volumes reviewed here. Peter Balakian's The Burning Tigris is concerned primarily with public rather than US policy responses to Armenian massacres of 189Os and to Genocide, and only in penultimate chapter reviews US economic (i. …" @default.
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- W53185389 title "The Burning Tigris: The Armenian Genocide and America's Response/America and the Armenian Genocide of 1915/starving Armenians: America and the Armenian Genocide, 1915-1930 and After" @default.
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