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- W53212186 abstract "Iodine is essential for the synthesis of the thyroid hormones—triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4). An iodine-deficient diet results directly in decreased production of thyroid hormones, which adversely affects not only brain development, but also its functions such as attention, learning and memory. Many studies have shown that in places prone to iodine deficiency, besides the prevalent problem of thyroid nodules, the intelligence quotient (IQ) of children was significantly lower than that in areas with sufficient iodine. Interestingly, high fluoride was also found to be a contributing factor. Some epidemiological studies have identified the combined interactive role of high fluoride and low iodine for low IQ in children. Previous studies conducted in rats have mainly focused on the interaction of high fluoride and low iodine and resulting oxidative stress for low IQ. Fluorine and iodine fall into the same category of halogen; therefore, fluorine can be easily absorbed and accumulated by the thyroid gland similar to iodine, thus interfering with iodine metabolism in the thyroid gland and resulting in iodine deficiency. Moreover, due to its active chemical nature, fluoride can pass through both the blood–brain barrier and the placental barrier, and may induce DNA damage directly in cells. The rate and degree of DNA damage to brain cells in aged rats exposed to high fluoride, low iodine and their combined interaction were markedly higher." @default.
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- W53212186 date "2009-01-01" @default.
- W53212186 modified "2023-09-23" @default.
- W53212186 title "DNA Damage in Brain and Thyroid Gland Cells due to High Fluoride and Low Iodine" @default.
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- W53212186 doi "https://doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-374135-6.00067-4" @default.
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