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- W54134916 abstract "Since their introduction in the 1940s, synthetic pesticides, a heterogeneous category of biologically active compounds, have become crucial, widely used weapons to control pests and infectious diseases. Characterized by a high toxicity to target species, they may also be toxic, to a various degree, to nontarget species, including human beings. Pesticides include insecticides, fungicides, herbicides, rodenticides, soil sterilants, and wood preservatives. They are used worldwide to protect crops, food, and animals from undesired contaminations, to control vectorborne diseases, to keep ponds, lakes, and water reservoir free of undesired algae and water grasses, and to clear roadside weeds, trees, and brushes. Human exposure is rather common with high levels occurring in occupational settings (production and spraying activities in agriculture), low levels in households (garden and lawn treatments), and as residues in food. Human exposure may result in acute and delayed health effects. Acute pesticide poisoning accounts for significant morbidity and mortality worldwide. In developing countries, the estimated annual incidence rate in agricultural workers is 18.2 per 100 000 full-time workers and 7.4 per million schoolchildren. Delayed health effects associated with pesticide exposure include leukemia, lymphomas, soft-tissue sarcomas, and brain, bone, and stomach cancers in farmers, sprayers, and production workers. A relationship between parental exposure and childhood cancers has been reported in human studies. Pesticides may play a role in the occurrence of Parkinson's disease and developmental defects. Pesticides have been regulated since a long time: their physicochemical, toxicological, ecotoxicological, and fate behavior properties are evaluated by international and governmental agencies before they can be marketed and used to ensure that they meet safety standards to protect human health and the environment." @default.
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- W54134916 date "2011-01-01" @default.
- W54134916 modified "2023-10-03" @default.
- W54134916 title "Pesticides: Human Health Effects" @default.
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- W54134916 doi "https://doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-444-52272-6.00592-4" @default.
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