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- W5428612 abstract "In 2004, Leighton et al [1] proposed that humpback whales used bubble nets as acoustic waveguides to create a sonic trap for prey, as shown in Figure I. It had been known for decades that humpback whales, either singly or in groups, sometimes dive deep and then release bubbles to form the walls of a cylinder, the interior of which is relatively bubble-free (Figure I). The prey are trapped within this cylinder, for reasons previously unknown, before the whales ‘lunge feed’ on them from below. When the whales form such nets, they emit very loud ‘trumpeting feeding calls’, the available recordings containing energy up to at least 4kHz. Leighton et al showed how a suitable void fraction profile would cause the wall of the cylinder to act as a waveguide, creating a ‘wall of sound’ with a relatively quiet interior at the centre of the cylinder. They hypothesized that any prey which attempted to leave the trap would enter a region where the sound is subjectively loud, be startled, and in response school (the bubble net turning the ‘schooling’ survival response into an anti-survival response). Furthermore, the trumpeting calls encountered in the ‘wall of sound’ are appropriate for exciting swim bladder resonances in the prey [2-5]. Either or both effects could encourage the prey to remain within the bubble net, and so trap them ready for consumption. The circular geometries modelled by Leighton et al were based on the frequent description in the literature of humpback bubble nets as ‘circular’ [6-9] Google returns nearly 12,000 items for the combined keywords humpback circular bubble net. Since then however the authors had brought to their attention (by Dr Simon Richards of QinetiQ) the existence of photographs showing the development of a spiral form of bubble nets by humpback whales (Figures 2 and 3). This paper outlines the possible acoustical implications of spiral nets. The spiral net hypothesis" @default.
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- W5428612 date "2007-01-01" @default.
- W5428612 modified "2023-09-27" @default.
- W5428612 title "An acoustical hypothesis for the spiral bubble nets of humpback whales and the implications for whale feeding" @default.
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