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• W54786722 abstract "In 1959, limited excavations at the Cahokia site by Joseph Caldwell and the Cahokia Mounds Archaeological Society resulted in the only systematic collections from Mound 31. Our analysis of the ceramic assemblage from these excavations indicates that this mound was constructed during the late Lohmann and early Stirling phases (ca. A.D. 1050-1150), a time when a great deal of mound construction was undertaken at Cahokia. The mound fell into disuse during the late Stirling phase and was then reused for a time during the Moorehead phase (ca. A.D. 1200- 1275). Unraveling such patterns of intensive use, disuse, and reuse of mounds and other monumental architecture aids our understanding of the complex developmental history of the Cahokia site. Political consolidation in the American Bottom took place in a short time-between A.D. 1050 and A.D. 1100-and had profound effects, not only upon the population distribution in this part of the Mississippi Valley but also on the relationships of social groups as Cahokians gained power over others (Emerson 1997; Pauketat 1998a, 2004). The history of the Cahokia site itself has much to tell us about the timing and degree of this consolidation. Unraveling the complex developmental history of Cahokia requires systematically establishing time frameworks for each part of downtown, plaza by plaza and mound by mound. Much work already has been accomplished toward this goal, and we take another small step forward by examining the occupational history of one platform mound, known as Mound 31 or the Schmidt Mound. Mound 31 lies near the central part of Cahokia, to the east of Monks Mound and a few hundred feet outside of the eastern palisade. Like many other mounds of Cahokia, we have only a small glimpse of the archaeological deposits associated with Mound 31. This information is the result of a trench excavated in 1959 by Joseph Caldwell, and a test pit dug by the Cahokia Archaeological Society during the same year. Both efforts were oriented toward salvaging information from the mound before its destruction. The ceramics from these investigations constitute the bulk of recovered materials and form the basis for discerning the use span of the mound. The ceramic sample combined with the recorded archaeological features and information about other architectural features surrounding Mound 31 provides evidence for placing this mound into chronological perspective. The results of the analysis reported here show that the lower levels of Mound 31 were constructed during the late Lohmann and Early Stirling phases (ca. A.D. 10501150). A several-decades-long hiatus in use followed. The upper levels then were added in the Moorehead phase (ca. A.D. 1200-1275). History of the Investigations at Mound 31 Mound 31 was situated about half a kilometer east of Monks Mound on the north side of U.S. Highway 40. One of the earliest records of the mound is J. R. Patrick's 1876 map of Cahokia, which depicts the mound as a rectangular structure with a long northsouth axis.1 Patrick suggests that the mound was 25 ft (7.6 m) in height and was associated with another lower mound (Mound 30), the two mounds forming an L-shaped pattern (Figure 1). Specific descriptions of Mound 31 differ as to the mound's dimensions. William McAdams's (1882) does not agree with Patrick's rectangular configuration of the mound; rather, he illustrates it as a square structure with a platform top. McAdams does, however, agree with Patrick's height measurement. Likewise, the 1903 Peterson-McAdams map indicates the mound's height was approximately 25 ft (7.6 m). Yet Cyrus Thomas's 1894 map shows the structure as being only 20 ft (6 m) in height. Warren K. Moorehead explored Mounds 30 and 31 in 1921, reporting his work in 1923 (see J. Kelly 2000:224225). He describes Mound 31 as reaching a height of 22 and a half feet (6.9 m). By the 1920s the southern edge of the mound was too disturbed to insure an accurate measurement of the mound's length, but Moorehead estimates the north-south axis to have been approximately 270 ft (82 m). …" @default.
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• W54786722 date "2007-07-01" @default.
• W54786722 modified "2023-09-23" @default.
• W54786722 title "Cahokia's Mound 31: A Short-Term Construction at a Long-Term Site" @default.
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