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• W55703530 abstract "questions and too immense to philosophers focussed on seemingly much more manageable issues. Perhaps it was because the interest in human nature fell under the anthropologist's or the existentialist's axe or simply shifted into the social science departments. Perhaps it became too apparent that seemingly abstract theories of justice had long stood as facades for other more immediate concerns to legitimize a revolution or a dictatorship, or to defend the status quo and the sanctity of private property, for example. But it is safe to say that the subject of justice, perhaps in somewhat altered form or as part of some related concern, perhaps in the guise of a shadow or even in its very absence, has been at the core of social thinking ever since Plato and Aristotle.theories of justice had long stood as facades for other more immediate concerns to legitimize a revolution or a dictatorship, or to defend the status quo and the sanctity of private property, for example. But it is safe to say that the subject of justice, perhaps in somewhat altered form or as part of some related concern, perhaps in the guise of a shadow or even in its very absence, has been at the core of social thinking ever since Plato and Aristotle. Today, however, it is clear that the question of justice has returned to centre stage in Anglo-American philosophy. In 1971, Harvard philosopher John Rawls, published his epochal book, A Theory of Justice, and the old Socratic question has never been more alive. Only three years later, Rawls' younger colleague, Nozick published his own theory of justice, a very different sort of theory indeed and something of a rejoinder to Rawls. Between the two of them, quite a dialectic has been established (though the two of them have rarely responded in public to one another), and the ferocity of the debate has even spilled over into popular press (e.g., Esquire magazine (March 1983) Robert Nozick vs. John Rawls). The difference between the two might be (and is often) characterized as the difference between a liberal and a libertarian theory, but such politically loaded designations do little to help philosophical understanding. In a nutshell, Rawls tries to find a proper ordering between equality and liberty with particular concern for the needs of the least advantaged in society; Nozick is anxious to defend a particularly strong notion of entitlement, such that a just world would be one in which everyone had just what they were entitled to, without reference to needs or inequalities. But the dispute is, for all of its current interest and importance only the most recent and rather narrow manifestation of a 3,000 (and more) year old debate. Rawls's concern for universal equality and individual liberty would not have been intelligible to Plato and Aristotle, and Nozick's exclusive insistence on private property rights and virtually total neglect of any concept of community would have horrified them (as it still does most cultures around the world). But what is particularly revealing is that neither Rawls nor Nozick adequately acknowledge what the ancients and many moderns would consider the heart of Phronimon Special Edition 2000 143 justice, and that is the concept of desert. Moreover, both of them are concerned only tangentially with questions of punishment and with questions of social status and honours that cannot be cashed out" @default.
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• W55703530 date "2000-01-01" @default.
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• W55703530 title "Platonic justice for the new millennium" @default.
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