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• W55873300 abstract "Abstract: Confucianism offers a virtue tradition that attends to societal harmony and self-cultivation in a specific cultural context. Due to this emphasis on a commutarian virtue ethics, Confucianism is often interpreted as offering an ethic that simply cannot reach to question about rights and universal human rights. Several scholars have been challenging the adequacy of this interpretation in recent years, and this paper joins that reevaluation, offering the view that Confucianism does imply a human rights perspective. Examination of specific questions important in Confucian thought, such as the failure of virtue and justified revolt against an unjust ruler, bring these connections to light. The argument is made that the ideal of social harmony requires attention to both virtue ethics and human rights, and Confucianism suggests ways in which these two distinct ethical perspectives can be shown to be compatible, even if it is as a last resort. The suggestion is made that Confucianism models a way to conceive of a global moral community, with the specific virtue of co-humanity (ren) proving a resource for making contact with human rights discourse. Is the idea of universal human rights the only or the best way of fostering harmony in the face of global religious diversity? One important tradition, which is arguably a religion and arguably not a religion, Confucianism, provides a unique perspective on this question. Confucianism asserts the moral foundations for peace and harmony in the cultivation of virtue rather than in an appeal to rights, but this emphasis begs the question whether societal harmony, both within a society and across cultures, is even possible in the absence of rights or the ability of people to appeal to rights. The virtuous performance of prescribed duties tied to social roles is essential to the Confucianism vision of human well-being, but are rights not correlative to duties even when attached to social roles? More importantly, would an appeal to rights not be inevitable if virtue were to fail, if duties were not fulfilled, and if, as a result, people were harmed and society's well-being undermined? In moving toward dialogue over the moral meaning of social harmony, I want to offer the view that Confucianism identifies the very idea of human well-being as involving, even necessitating, social harmony, but it does so by means that make no overt appeal to human rights and the human rights premise concerning the moral equality of persons. Confucianism offers an alternative route of access to social harmony through a virtue tradition, a commutarian ethic, and endorsement of a system of social inequality. The Confucian alternative is peculiar, however, in that it cannot, in the end, exclude an inferential and implicit appeal to human rights. In what follows, I propose to begin the dialogue between human rights thinking and Confucian ethics on the question of social harmony, hoping this leads to actual, face to face interaction and conversation over this issue. To prepare that conversation, I want to examine the Confucian moral system. I propose to take account of the aims and purposes of both the Confucian system and the human rights tradition on the question of social harmony, and then demonstrate how it is possible to connect the two traditions. Engaging the two traditions with one another in an ethics dialogue will expose the incompleteness of each perspective while opening each to correction from the other. In a diverse and culturally complicated world, a rights emphasis on right action, as necessary as it is, will not suffice to explain how people are motivated to make decisions in certain ways to bring about the desired end of social harmony; and there seems to be ample empirical evidence in the common life to support this contention. Confucian ethics, on the other hand, in its stress on personal cultivation and the development of virtuous character, will also prove an inadequate means for attaining the end of social harmony, especially in a global context, yet it too has a positive contribution to make. …" @default.
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• W55873300 date "2012-07-01" @default.
• W55873300 modified "2023-09-28" @default.
• W55873300 title "Human Rights: Virtue's Last Resort?" @default.
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