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• W55943879 abstract "Viscosity, as one of important physicochemical properties of slags in the high-temperature metallurgical processes, has brought lots of attentions from industry and researchers. The aim of the present study is to investigate the temperature and composition dependence of viscosities for both smelting and converting slags.A rotational spindle type viscometer, which is accepted as an accurate viscosity determination method at high temperature, was applied in all viscosity measurements. The whole apparatus can be completely isolated from the external atmosphere, which enables measurements to be carried out in controlled atmospheres. The apparatus has a system of quenching slag samples after the viscosity measurements, which allows the slag phase assemblage and compositions of the phases existing at the temperature to be analysed using electron probe X-ray microanalysis (EPMA).Systematic viscosity measurements relevant to the copper smelting slags are carried out using molybdenum crucibles and spindle at Fe saturation conditions. These studies include the following slag systems:(1) “FeO”-SiO2 system at SiO2 concentrations from 17 to 45 mol pct at temperature range of 1473 K (1200 oC) to 1773 K (1500 oC). The experiments demonstrate that there is no maximum viscosity in the “fayalite” composition. The tendency of activation energy was discussed and used to explain the possible reason of viscosity change by the change of non-bridging oxygen.(2) SiO2-“FeO”-Al2O3 system at SiO2 concentrations between 31.2 and 49.8 mol pct with Al2O3 concentrations between 3.0 and 19.8 mol pct balancing “FeO” at temperature range of 1473 K (1200 oC) to 1773 K (1500 oC). The measurements found that the viscosity and activation energy increase with the increase of SiO2 concentration and Al2O3/”FeO” ratio which is linked to the “charge compensation effect” theory.(3) SiO2-“FeO”-MgO system at SiO2 concentrations between 31.2 and 46.8 mol pct with MgO concentrations between 2.8 and 18.7 mol pct balancing “FeO” at temperature range of 1523 K (1250 oC) to 1773 K (1500 oC). It was found that the substitution of FeO by MgO increase the viscosity.(4) SiO2-“FeO”-CaO system at SiO2 concentrations between 33.2 and 45.6 mol pct with CaO concentrations between 3.8 and 25.0 mol pct balancing “FeO” at temperature range of 1423 K (1150 oC) to 1773 K (1500 oC). It was found that the effects of CaO/“FeO” ratio was strongly depended on the SiO2 concentrations. At 33 mol pct SiO2 concentration, the viscosity increases with the increase of CaO to FeO ratio, while at 44 mol pct SiO2 concentration, the viscosity changes show a V-shape during the addition of CaO in to the “FeO”-SiO2 slag.(5) Addition of two or three components of CaO, MgO and Al2O3 into the base system “FeO”-SiO2 at temperature range of 1423 K (1150 oC) to 1773 K (1500 oC). The systems SiO2-“FeO”-CaO-MgO, SiO2-“FeO”-CaO-Al2O3, SiO2-“FeO”-MgO-Al2O3, SiO2-“FeO”-CaO-MgO-Al2O3, which are fundamental multicomponent systems in copper smelting process, were measured. The complex effects of addition of two/ three oxides into the fayalite slags were studied.The Modified Quasi-chemical viscosity model was optimized to describe the present viscosity measurements in the complex slag system. Good agreements (Average deviation is less than 18 %) were found between the measured viscosity and the predicted ones. The four- and five-component systems were discussed based on the model predictions.The viscosity measurements were also carried out in the slags relevant to the copper converting conditions. The technique was developed using the Al2O3 crucibles and spindles. It was first time that the viscosity was reported in the slag containing high “Cu2O”. The viscosities in the SiO2-Al2O3-“Cu2O” system in equilibrium with Cu were measured at the temperature range between 1473 K (1200 oC) and 1588 K (1315 oC). The present data were used for optimization of Modified Urbain viscosity model.Phase equilibrium studies related to the converting slag has also been carried out by using the isothermal equilibration / quenching / microanalysis approach. The phase equilibria of the system Al2O3-“Cu2O” in equilibrium with Cu were studied at the temperature range of 1473 K (1200 oC) to 1723 K (1450 oC) as well as the SiO2-Al2O3-“Cu2O” system in equilibrium with Cu at the temperature range of 1423 (1150 oC) to 1573 K (1300 oC)." @default.
• W55943879 created "2016-06-24" @default.
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• W55943879 date "2013-01-01" @default.
• W55943879 modified "2023-09-23" @default.
• W55943879 title "Viscosity and phase equilibrium studies relevant to copper smelting and converting slags" @default.
• W55943879 hasPublicationYear "2013" @default.
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