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- W562667595 abstract "It is widely recognised that the built environment is a significant contributor togreenhouse gas emissions worldwide. In Australia, to reduce the greenhouse gasemissions associated with new houses, energy efficiency provisions were introduced intothe Building Code of Australia (BCA). The primary focus of the regulations has been onachieving thermal comfort through a reduction in the energy houses require for heatingand cooling (space-conditioning energy). A star rating system is used to indicate the levelof thermal performance a new house achieves. Ratings range from 0 to 10 stars andtheoretically, the higher the star rating the less space-conditioning energy a houserequires. Currently, all new houses built in Australia require a minimum of either a 5 or 6star rating, depending on the state/territory, with the required minimum level expected toincrease incrementally in the future.It is widely claimed that there are considerable opportunities for cost effective greenhousegas abatement in the residential building sector. However, the claims generally neglect totake into account any increase in embodied energy (and associated emissions) that mayresult from implementing those opportunities. Increasing a house’s thermal performancegenerally increases its embodied emissions. Current research findings indicate thatembodied energy and its associated emissions can contribute significantly to a house’s lifecycleenergy and CO2-emissions, with that contribution increasing the more thermallyefficient a house becomes.The aim of this research was to determine and rank the cost effectiveness of a wide rangeof thermal performance improvements, for houses with ratings from 4 to 8 stars, takinginto account their embodied emissions. To achieve this, several project homes constructedin Tasmania whose size and floor plan varied were selected. Using thermal simulationsoftware the space-conditioning energy requirements of the thermal performanceimprovements were calculated. The cost of each thermal performance improvement wasestimated and the resulting increase in embodied energy calculated. For each house, timberfloor and slab-on-ground designs were modelled. The same thermal performance improvements were made to each house. These wereranked for their cost effectiveness in reducing space-conditioning emissions, minimisingthe increase in embodied emissions and reducing net emissions. For each measure of costeffectiveness, the rankings were compared to determine the effect house design and housesize had on the results.The results show that the cost effectiveness of achieving pre-determined levels of thermalperformance varies significantly depending on the methods and materials used. There arenumerous methods that can be used to improve the thermal performance of a house to acertain level, with costs varying significantly. While generally the most and least costeffective designs in minimizing embodied emissions are the same for each house, somedesign differences between the houses are a significant factor in determining how costeffective improvements will be in minimizing embodied emissions. In terms of costeffectiveness in reducing net emissions the results show that for lower star band ranges(5-6 star), the most cost effective designs in reducing net emissions are also the most costeffective in saving space-conditioning emissions. However, in the higher star bandranges cost effectiveness in saving space-conditioning emissions cannot be used topredict reliably the cost effectiveness in saving net emissions. Finally, the results showsthat while heating appliance type and efficiency do not affect cost effectiveness rankings,the choice of heating appliance is significant in determining whether an increase inembodied emissions outweighs a decrease in space-conditioning emissions and at whatlevel of thermal performance that occurs." @default.
- W562667595 created "2016-06-24" @default.
- W562667595 creator A5015898532 @default.
- W562667595 date "2013-08-01" @default.
- W562667595 modified "2023-09-27" @default.
- W562667595 title "The cost effectiveness of housing thermal performance improvements in avoiding `CO_2-` emissions" @default.
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