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• W56501903 abstract "With the collapse of the Soviet Union, the whole newly independent Central and Eastern European region had engaged into the processes of state- and institution-building. As the basis for each country’s political system new or pre-communist constitutions were adopted in an attempt to break with the authoritarian past and to start transition from communist dictatorship to democracy and rule of law. The young post-Soviet states of Central Asia1 – Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Uzbekistan, Tajikistan and Turkmenistan – have encountered the same challenges, although for them the difficulties were unprecedented and thus more complex, since these five states had never existed before as independent political entities. Having just appeared on the world map, the new Central Asian states were expected to participate in the third wave of democratization and to contribute to the world expansion of democracy and constitutionalism, albeit the lack of any democratic tradition or even any history of independent governance. Nevertheless, in the wake of their independences the countries adopted very similar democratic constitutions, and, formally, added to the number of democracies in the world, yet they became known as having some of the most authoritarian regimes on the territory of the former Soviet dominance. This paper is aimed at understanding the evolution of the state structures, namely the models of government, adopted in the five post-Soviet Central Asian countries with the emphasis made on the role of the clan (kinship-based) networks in these formatting processes. It is clear that the countries under study have opted for the regimes with strong executive power, which in all of the cases is acting more and more to the detriment of the other branches of government. This institutional arrangement has multiple reasons to have been developed, such as undemocratic leadership, economic conditions, post-Soviet legacies, no democratic experience, and others. I in this paper will focus only on the tribal factor that seems to be crucial in explaining the origins of the today existing constitutional arrangements in the region. Moreover, my working hypothesis is that the clan structures, as the main informal forces in the region, have predetermined the choice of institutions as well as the models of government in the Central Asian countries. The studies of the models of government make an important part of the new institutionalist body of literature, especially when it concerns the merits and demerits of the presidential model taken in comparison with the parliamentary or semi-presidential forms of government and the aptness of each of the system for the building and consolidation of new or newly constituted democracies (see, for example, Lijphart 1992; Linz et al. 1994; Shugart et al. 1992). In this respect two remarks seem to be pertinent. Firstly, although the scholarly debate on comparative governments has taken into consideration most of the countries of the world, it has largely neglected, with some" @default.
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• W56501903 date "2004-01-01" @default.
• W56501903 modified "2023-09-23" @default.
• W56501903 title "The Role of Clans in the Post-Independence State-Building in Central Asia" @default.
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