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• W565242488 abstract "Bentonite is a natural clay and one of the most promising candidates for use as a buffer material in the Swedish geological disposal systems for high-level nuclear waste. It is intended to isolate metal canisters with highly radioactive waste products from the surrounding rocks because of its ability to retard the movement of radionuclides by sorption. Bentonite is characterized by a low hydraulic conductivity and excellent sorption capacity for cationic radionuclides, but is generally ineffective in adsorbing anionic contaminants. This is especially of concern in the case of the long-lived I and Tc, which exist predominantly as anions in aqueous environments. The diffusion of some sorbing solutes such as the cations Na, Cs and Sr has repeatedly been reported to be faster than predicted from a model based on diffusion in the aqueous phase and immobilization by sorption on the solid phase. To shed some new light on sorption and its relative importance for the function of bentonite as a barrier to radionuclide diffusion, diffusion of Na, Cs, Sr, Co, Cl and I in compacted bentonite was studied using a through-diffusion technique. The data were modeled with the computer code ANADIFF, which calculates the apparent diffusion coefficient Da and the sorption coefficient for transport Kd . Batch sorption experiments with the cations: Li, Na, Cs, Ca, Sr, Co and Eu on bentonite were carried out under a wide range of conditions by varying the pH and concentration of background electrolyte solution. The sorption data were modeled using the geochemical computer code PHREEQC taking into account the variation in the concentration of the dominant cations Na, Ca and Mg, and a discussion of the applicability of a mechanistic model of the ion exchange and the surface complexation is offered. The experimental results indicate that there is a distribution of cations sorbed by electrostatic interaction in the pore space of bentonite, depending on the distance of the closest approach to the surface. Immobile but exchangeable ions are assigned to the Stern layer, whereas ions located in the diffuse layer are mobile. To explain the differences between cation mobilities for metal ions that only sorb by ionic exchange, it is thus necessary to consider their solvation and hydrolysis properties. Apparent diffusivities and capacity factors ) ( d K ρ e α + = are obtained from diffusion calculations for anions. Two diffusion processes, both with density and ionic strength dependent apparent diffusivities and capacity factors, were observed. The diffusion processes observed are ascribed to diffusion in interlayer and interparticle water. The experimental data indicate that interlayer water constitutes the dominating part of water in bentonite compacted to dry densities 0.4 to 1.8 g cm studied in this work. These results will provide a basis for understanding sorption effects on the diffusion in bentonite. As for the cations and anions, they are chosen as analogues of a possible release of contaminants from radioactive waste repositories." @default.
• W565242488 created "2016-06-24" @default.
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• W565242488 date "2002-01-01" @default.
• W565242488 modified "2023-09-23" @default.
• W565242488 title "On the sorption and diffusion of radionuclides in bentonite clay" @default.
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