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• W56550095 abstract "Ureteral duplication is a common congenital anomaly of the urinary system observed in 0.8% of autopsy series [1]. However, bifid ureter with a blind branch is a rare condition. It is three times more prevalent in women than men and is observed twice as often on the right side as on the left side [2]. It does not generally give any clinical symptoms. However, in the literature, symptomatic cases with haematuria, flank pain, urinary infection, stone, vesicoureteral reflux and abdominal mass have been reported [3, 4].We report a case on which ureteroscopy was performed to the right ureteral duplication with a blind-ending branch and left distal-end ureteral stone.A 40-year-old woman was admitted to our clinic with acute left renal colic, dysuria and frequency micturition. She had no previous history of urinary tract symptoms. Laboratory tests showed normal renal function. Urine analysis and culture showed haematuria without infection.In the direct urinary system graphy (DUSG) and ultrasonography (US) a left distal ureteral stone was detected; hence excretory urography (EU) was also performed on the patient. The EU showed a distal ureteral stone on the left side and two radio-opaque shadows in the region of the distal right ureter (Figures 1, ​,2).2). Surgery for the ureter stone and diagnostic ureteroscopy (DU) on the ureter with anomaly were planned to be performed in the same session. Ureteroscopic stone removal was performed on the left sided distal ureteral stone. In same session, DU was performed and distal blind-ending branch of bifid ureter 7 cm long was confirmed at the position 5 cm from the beginning of the ureterovesical junction (Figure 3).Figure 1A schematic drawing of the blind-ending ureterFigure 2Right duplicated system with bifid blind-ending ureter on excretory urographyFigure 3Normal and blind-ending ureter lumen orifice on diagnostic ureteroscopyNo pathology was determined in the lumen of the blind-ending branch. The images were recorded on DU. The patient was discharged from the hospital the day following the operation. Since no complication related to ureter anomaly developed in the post-operative follow-up, blind-ending ureter was not intervened.Blind-ending bifid ureter is a rare congenital anomaly of the ureter which has three sub-types according to the localization. These are proximal, distal, and middle according to their frequencies [2]. Our case was a distal blind-ending ureter, which is less frequent than the proximal and more frequent than the middle blind-ending bifid ureter.Many blind-ending ureters are clinically insignificant and do not give any symptoms because of this. Patients who develop symptoms generally have complaints about abdominal pain, dysuria, frequency micturition, and haematuria. These complaints might depend on stone formation, vesicoureteric reflux or ureteral tumour [3–6]. Our patient did not have any symptoms or complications related to blind-ending bifid ureter. It was detected incidentally during the EU performed because of her complaints regarding the other ureter with stone.Conventional approaches such as EU and retrograde ureterography in diagnosis of ureteral anomalies can be sufficient [2]. Our patient was easily diagnosed since she had a ureteroureteral reflux (yo-yo ureteric peristalsis) between the normal ureter and blind-ending branch detected in EU. Voiding cystouretrography may help diagnosis in patients with vesicoureteric reflux [5]. Multidetector computed tomography (CT) imaging urography [5, 7] and magnetic resonance urography can be useful for diagnosis as alternative new advanced imaging methods [8]. However, these methods, being expensive, and multidetector CT having ionizing radiation, are disadvantageous. Another method for diagnosis of blind-ending bifid ureter may be ureteroscopy. This method is expensive and invasive but could be used in patients with planned surgery or in the presence of haematuria for the confirmation of diagnosis and evaluation of ureter lumen. We applied ureteroscopy in order to exclude other ureteral pathologies, and confirm the diagnosis. We recommend that the use of ureteroscopy is beneficial for such patients.Treatment of symptomatic patients must be planned according to the complication. In our patient, as there was no complication following the treatment of the stone in the normal ureter, no surgery was performed on the ureter with the anomaly and the patient was placed in follow-up.In conclusion, blind-ending bifid ureter is a rare entity, and unexpected complications during the surgery can be prevented if its probability is kept in mind, and it is visualized by diagnostic imaging methods and DU." @default.
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• W56550095 date "2013-01-01" @default.
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• W56550095 title "Letter to the editor Distal blind-ending branch of a bifid ureter" @default.
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