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• W565664862 abstract "Developing countries in general, and Sub-Saharan Africa in particular, lag far behind the developed world in the provision of transport for physically disabled people. Shortcomings exist not only in the provision of accessible infrastructure and user-friendly services, but also in institutional capacity and participatory planning. Community pressure to act puts transport authorities before the temptation of simply importing First World solutions without sufficiently considering their appropriateness for local circumstances. Thorough evaluation is needed to identify the most appropriate technological solutions for each situation. This paper provides such an evaluation by assessing recent experience with several service designs for accessible transport in South Africa. Two designs - a semi-flexible demand responsive system, and a fixed-route, fixed-schedule system operating on the “service route” model - were tested as national demonstration projects in three of South Africa’s largest cities. All three systems focused particularly on marginalized user groups: disabled residents of isolated communities with no accessible public transport services and very low car ownership levels. The paper describes each service in more detail, and provides an assessment of the organizational impacts, user impacts, benefits, and cost effectiveness of each service. Finally, the paper considers the financial sustainability of each service (as measured against local community resources and other possible funding sources), as this ultimately determines the local applicability of each design. Both types of service succeeded in providing effective transport to a relatively small group of users - not surprising given the absence of accessible transport in these communities. However, wide discrepancies were observed in the costs as well as the user benefits across systems. The fixed-route service achieved per-passenger costs in the order of 30% lower than the Dial-a-Ride, and recovered more of its costs through farebox revenues. Although the demand responsive service provided more specialized door-to-door care, the two types of system served largely identical user groups, namely economically active people with disabilities. This introduced an unintended bias towards younger, motor impaired (as opposed to sensory and mentally impaired) users. Such an initial focus on serving work trips may be appropriate in a developing country like South Africa, as it enabled some users to establish new social networks and to access alternative transport options, thus vacating their Dial-a-Ride seats for new users. Despite the preliminary nature of these projects, these results point to some general conclusions. The realities of tight budgets and competing priorities suggest that demand responsive services are too costly to be implemented on a large scale. Many cities of Sub- Saharan Africa have fairly strong commuting corridors with long travel distances, where more effective use can be made of larger vehicles running on specially routed, but fixed schedule, services. Only where the higher costs of demand responsive services can be justified in terms of the particular need for door-to-door service, should more flexible services be considered." @default.
• W565664862 created "2016-06-24" @default.
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• W565664862 date "2001-01-01" @default.
• W565664862 modified "2023-09-25" @default.
• W565664862 title "Appropriate Accessible Transport in South Africa: An Assessment of Recent Experience" @default.
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