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• W566267673 abstract "Numerous studies, and many experimental themes have shown that the phenomena of congestion vary considerably according to the time of day. Furthermore, the level of congestion and as a result the time journeys take, are important factors affecting the decisions of users both as concerns their choice of departure time and their choice of itinerary. Conventional analysis, in the majority of cases, only takes into consideration two states of traffic, that is traffic during peak times (rush hour) and outside peak times. Various recent works have tried to better understand the phenomenon of congestion on the networks. The aim of these works is to predict in which areas and for how long there is congestion on the transport network. These studies thus make it possible to test the impact of different scenarios (various traffic (trafication) policies; flexible timetables (working hours); construction of new infrastructures, developing crossroads...). The basis of the model which have been developed is constituted of assuming that individuals try to minimise a function of their travel time and the penalties which result from arriving early or late at their destination. An equilibrium is reached when not a single individual can modify either his departure time, his itinerary (or his mode of transport) with a view to increasing his level of utility. Two types of model have been introduced. Models which consider travel times as determining variables and those which consider them to be stochastic. In the latter case the equilibrium concept necessitates the specification of a degree of aversion to risk on the part of the individuals. Instances where the network is reduced to an origin (minimum) where a destination or a section which might cause congestion (bridge, tunnel etc) have been studied with much care. A few particular extensions have been explored by different authors (multiple origins and single destinations). Finally other works have studied the dynamic adjustment by which from day to day (road) users choose different itineraries, different departure times and end up choosing an optional strategy. Preliminary theoretical results have been derived for simplified situations. Simulation models have on the other hand delved into more complex situations. We are of the view that modelisation of user choice on the transport network is still an area which remains to a great extent unexplored. In actual fact few results have been obtained as concerns: (1) determining the conditions of existence of a long-term equilibrium. (2) the uniqueness of equilibria. (3) the specification of the adjustment mechanisms which bring the system to a state of equilibrium. (4) the experimental validation of different models. The development of rapid algorithms which make it possible to choose an optimal departure time and an optimal itinerary for congested networks is also very much a new research subject." @default.
• W566267673 created "2016-06-24" @default.
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• W566267673 date "1987-01-01" @default.
• W566267673 modified "2023-09-27" @default.
• W566267673 title "DYNAMICAL MODELS OF TRANSPORTATION NETWORKS --TRANSPORTATION PLANNING METHODS. PROCEEDINGS OF SEMINAR C HELD AT THE PTRC SUMMER ANNUAL MEETING, BATH UNIVERSITY ENGLAND, 7-11 SEPTEMBER 1987, VOLUME P290" @default.
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