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• W566757584 abstract "The objective of this project, undertaken from November '98 until June '99 at Hoogovens Research & Development, was to improve the description of the heat transport in a packed bed as found in the pellet firing process and in particular determine the influence of certain process variables, namely temperature, gas flow rate and bed voidage. Pellets are essentially spherical porous iron ore particles approx. 12 mm in diameter which are used as charge for the blast furnace process. Pellets are formed by the agglomeration of iron ore grains, a binding substance and some water. After this water has been evaporated, the pellets are fed to the firing process in the form of a packed bed, where they undergo a heat treatment by a fiow of gas at a temperature of up to 1600 K. During firing, the individual grains within a pellet sinter, vastly improving its mechanical strength. This in turn largely determines the quality of the pellet for the blast furnace process. The strength of the pellet can be related directly to its temperature history in the firing process. Therefore, a better description of the heat transport in the firing process will result in better control over the pellet production process. The heat transport in the pellet firing process consist of both heat transport from the gas to the packed bed and heat transport within the individual pellets. Both were investigated in the present work. The heat transport within a pellet can be described by a heat conduction process, governed by an effective conductivity which was determined experimentally using a tube oven. In the experiments the response of a single pellet was measured to a step change in oven temperature. An effective conductivity was found of 0.3±0.06 W/mK at 700 K which rises to 0.7±0.14W/mK at 1400 K. This is significantly lower than found in literature. This difference cannot be accounted for by the error and is thought to be caused by a different porous structure of the pellet used in the experiments, possibly due to a lesser degree of sintering. As the accuracy of the estimates was significantly reduced by necessity to include heat transport from the oven to the pellet surface, recommendations are given to further improve the analysis and the experimental method. The effective heat transport from a flow of hot gas to a packed bed of pellets was investigated by experiments using a pilot scale set up of the pellet induration process. The response of the cylindrical bed to a step change in gas inlet temperature has been measured for a range of temperatures (600-1200K), flovys rates (140-700 Nm^3/hr) and bed voidages (0.37-0.41). A new approach to measure the bed temperature was used, in which thermocouples were inserted in a pellet. From the experiments, an overall heat transfer could be determined which is in the order of 200 W/m^2K and an interfacial heat transfer coefficient was of roughly 500 W/m^2K, which lies in the range found in literature. With respect to the dependency of the heat transfer coefficient on temperature, bed voidage and flow rate, no decisive conclusions could be drawn. The analysis of the experiments has further shown that the overall heat losses in the experiment amount to approximately 70% which was not expected. In order to determine the heat transfer coefficient from the experiments, in which only the temperature on the axis was measured, a hierarchy of models has been developed. In these models, multiple approaches were used to include the effect of the heat losses, but they did not lead to a satisfactory accuracy in the determination of the heat transfer coefficient. It is therefore recommended that the heat losses should be reduced, the radial temperature profile should be measured and if necessary a two dimensional model of the bed should be developed." @default.
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• W566757584 date "1999-06-01" @default.
• W566757584 modified "2023-09-27" @default.
• W566757584 title "Heat transport in the pellet firing process" @default.
• W566757584 hasPublicationYear "1999" @default.
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