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- W567358723 abstract "Introduction I. Legislation and Regulations Governing Students with Disabilities A. Early Education Laws Placing Attention on Students with Disabilities B. Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA) and Amendments C. Individuals with Disabilities Education Improvement Act (IDEIA) and No Child Left Behind (NCLB) II. Race and Poverty A. Societal Barriers B. Misidentification and Misclassification C. Restrictive Settings and Reduced Outcomes III. Findings from Eighth Grade Testing A. Data Sorting, Coding, and Analysis Procedures B. Racially Diverse Urban District with Very High Student Poverty and Very Large Student Population. C. White-Dominated, Suburban Districts with Very Low Student Poverty D. Predominantly White, Rural Districts with High Student Poverty. E. Conclusion IV. IDEA Policy Reform A. Act on and Include Science and Math Assessments with a Value Added Proposition Approach B. Expand Federal Financial Support to Explore Academic Strategies. C. Incorporate University Partnerships and an Academic Focus. Conclusion Introduction The Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA) and, as amended, the Individuals with Disabilities Education Improvement Act (IDEIA), (1) provides protections for students with disabilities in grades pre-K-12 to ensure that they may receive a free appropriate public (FAPE). (2) While serving as a civil rights law to ensure fairness in education for students with disabilities, disparities based on race, (3) sex, (4) and family income (5) levels have unfortunately accompanied IDEA implementation. These issues associated with IDEA execution raise questions about the genuine nature of FAPE and its effects on various societal groups. With IDEA'S last reauthorization, the heightened disparity with respect to race became evident in the data. These concerns were brought to the attention of Congress and the U.S. Department of Education by way of various reports and concerns, which resulted in an attempt to remedy these racial disparities. (6) Among numerous other objectives, the regulations arising from IDEA (and IDEIA) aimed to reinforce protections and ensure academic success for students with disabilities, especially racial minority students. (7) At the time of IDEA'S most recent reauthorization, the data was abysmally clear: racial differences already existed in special education identification (8) and graduation rates. (9) Congress's awareness and increased regulatory attention not only mandated funding and different program responses, but also resulted in the creation of many educational innovations for students with disabilities. (10) Congress also aided the process further with an examination of the response to intervention (Rtl). (11) Educational interventions are typically instructional programs consisting of a planned set of procedures to address cognitive, behavioral, or social challenges that students face. (12) RtI represents systematic actions that target children's areas of specific need as soon as those needs become apparent. (13) Many reportedly innovative and successful intervention programs have emerged since the enactment and reauthorization of the IDEA, particularly in urban school districts. (14) These interventions and other supporting programs typically focus on remedying the educational gaps of students with disabilities through communication and language arts skills. (15) Conversely, while math and science remain core subject areas, these academic subjects have been less accessible to students, particularly urban students and certain racial minorities in urban districts (namely African-Americans and Hispanics). (16) This deficiency is alarming, given that the literature on student performance and competitive employment status suggest clear connections between the 21st century workforce and proficiency in scientific and technical skills. …" @default.
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- W567358723 date "2016-01-01" @default.
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- W567358723 title "Math & Science Are Core to IDEAs: Breaking the Racial and Poverty Lines" @default.
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