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• W569450112 abstract "This thesis describes two groups of experiments, both relating to thecondition of distal renal tubular acidosis (dRTA).In the first, an alternative diagnostic test of dRTA to the ‘gold standard’short ammonium chloride (NH4Cl) test was assessed. This was achievedby the simultaneous oral administration of the diuretic furosemide andthe mineralocorticoid fludrocortisone to increase distal sodium deliveryand a-intercalated cell proton secretion. I evaluated 11 control subjectsand 10 patients with known dRTA by giving oral NH4Cl orfurosemide/fludrocortisone in random order on separate days. 3subjects were unable to complete the study due to vomiting after theNH4Cl, however there were no adverse effects withfurosemide/fludrocortisone administration. The urine pH decreased toless than 5.3 in the controls with both tests, whereas no patients wereable to lower their urine pH below 5.3 with either test. The simultaneousadministration of furosemide/fludrocortisone proved to be an easy,effective and well-tolerated alternative to the standard NH4Cl test for thediagnosis of dRTA.The second group were laboratory-based molecular physiologyexperiments. Anion exchanger 1 (AE1) mediates electroneutral anionexchange across cell membranes. It is the most abundant protein in thered cell membrane, but is also found in the basolateral membrane ofrenal a-intercalated cells, where it is required for urinary acidification.Point mutations have been described that convert the red cell AE1 into acation conductance. AE1 mutations can also cause hereditary dRTA. Iinvestigated the properties of four dRTA associated AE1 mutations(R586H, G609R, S613F and G701D) by heterologous expression inXenopus Laevis oocytes. These mutants proved to be functional anionexchangers, unlike the red cell mutants, but also demonstrated a cation‘leak’. I found a very large leak property in the G701D mutant, which isprevalent in SE Asia. I hypothesised that this property might confer a survival advantage. I characterised three other AR dRTA-associated AE1mutants found in SE Asia, S773P, Delta850 and A858D via similar transportexperiments in AE1-expressing Xenopus oocytes. These three SE Asianmutants also had cation leaks of similar magnitude to that seen inG701D, a property that distinguishes them as a discrete group. Theclustering of these cation-leaky AE1 mutations to malarious areas of SEAsia suggests that they may confer malaria resistance." @default.
• W569450112 created "2016-06-24" @default.
• W569450112 creator A5065503305 @default.
• W569450112 date "2010-03-28" @default.
• W569450112 modified "2023-10-14" @default.
• W569450112 title "Distal renal tubular acidosis developments in its diagnosis and pathophysiology" @default.
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