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- W569791658 abstract "Summaries of cotton crop phenology, as afunction of heat units (HU, 86/55°F limits) have been developed across a wide range of production conditions in Arizona. Basic phenological events such as the occurrence of pinhead squares, squares susceptible to pink bollworm, and first bloom are described in terms of HU accumulations since planting (HUAP). Fruit retention guidelines and height: node ratios, which measure a crop's vegetative /reproductive balance, are developed as a function of HUAP. Similarly, the rate of canopy closure is described in terms of HUAP. The use of the number of nodes above the top white bloom to the terminal (NAWB) is developed as a measure of a crops progression towards cut -out. Also, the expected ranges of HU's accumulated since planting that are required to accomplish crop cut -out are shown for Upland and Pima cotton. Introduction Plants are biological organisms that respond in direct relation to the temperature and environmental conditions to which they are exposed. Therefore, it has been shown for many different crop plants (and insects) that growth and development can be described much more accurately and predictably by the use of some measure of thermal conditions. As a result, various types of heat unit (HU) systems have been developed to assist in predicting and /or projecting plant and insect development. By using HUs, one can describe thermal conditions for specific locations or specific seasons and not assume consistency for locations or years on a calendar basis. The cotton (Gossypium swp.) producing areas of the desert southwest offer many diverse settings. In Arizona, these areas range from elevations less than 100 feet above sea level to over 4,000 feet. Most of the Arizona cotton acreage is situated geographically so that a rather long growing season can be employed. Important stages in the development of many crops are often described as a range of calendar dates. For example the times for optimum planting are often described as a range of calendar dates, and important crop development stages are described as number of days after planting (DAP). Relationships describing both cotton crop and pink bollworm (Pectinophora gossypiella (Saunders)) development have been formulated to some extent (Fry, 1983; Brown et al., 1990; Silvertooth et al., 1989; Silvertooth and Terry, 1989; Silvertooth et al., 1990; Silvertooth et al., 1991a, and Silvertooth et al., 1991b). The HU terms most often used in this case were with 86 and 55 °F, upper and lower limits, respectively. The purpose of this paper is to outline the phenological description of cotton crop development on a HU basis and update baselines offered in earlier papers (Silvertooth et al., 1992; Silvertooth et al., 1993; and Silvertooth, 1994). Information resulting from the development of these type of growth descriptions can serve as reference points or baselines in the development of management techniques oriented at ultimately improving cotton production efficiency in Arizona and the irrigated southwest." @default.
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- W569791658 date "1996-03-01" @default.
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- W569791658 title "Cotton Growth and Development Patterns" @default.
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