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- W575594110 abstract "Clastic dikes filled with sand and gravel, interpreted to have a seismic liquefaction origin, occur throughout much of southern Indiana and Illinois. Almost all of the dikes originated from prehistoric Holocene seismicity, although a few date back to latest Pleistocene and possibly earlier time. Nearly all of these liquefaction features originated from earthquakes centered in southern Indiana and Illinois, and not further south in the nearby source region of the great 1811-12 New Madrid earthquakes. The study area encompasses most of the southern halves of Indiana and Illinois. Within this area, at least seven and probably eight prehistoric earthquakes have been documented during the Holocene, as well as at least one during the latest Pleistocene. The recognition of different earthquakes is based mainly on timing of liquefaction in combination with the regional pattern of liquefaction effects, but some have been recognized only by geotechnical testing at sites of liquefaction. Effects of individual paleo-earthquakes in southern Indiana have been separated from one another, and it is likely that all there have been identified. Most paleo-earthquakes presently recognized lie in Indiana, but equally as many may have occurred in southern Illinois. Studies in Illinois have not yet narrowly bracketed when liquefaction occurred at many sites, which sometimes causes uncertainty in the causative earthquake, but even in Illinois the largest paleoearthquakes probably have been identified. Prehistoric magnitudes were probably as high as the order of moment magnitude M 7.5. This greatly exceeds the largest historic earthquake of M 5.5 centered in Indiana or Illinois. The strongest prehistoric earthquakes had epicenters in the vicinity of the lower Wabash Valley, where the valley borders both Indiana and Illinois. These epicenters are near where most of the strongest historic seismicity has taken place. Beyond the region of the Wabash Valley, prehistoric earthquakes on the order of M 6 and higher have occurred where there has been little or no historic seismicity. Numerous other strong paleo-earthquakes could have struck elsewhere in southern Indiana and Illinois, but evidence not preserved in the geologic record because of the lack of liquefiable deposits." @default.
- W575594110 created "2016-06-24" @default.
- W575594110 creator A5085396840 @default.
- W575594110 date "1997-01-01" @default.
- W575594110 modified "2023-09-27" @default.
- W575594110 title "Overview of liquefaction evidence for strong earthquakes of Holocene and latest Pleistocene ages in southern Indiana and Illinois" @default.
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- W575594110 doi "https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr96724" @default.
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