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• W579759936 abstract "This paper reviews and evaluates developments in agricultural policies since the Uruguay Round in the context of commitments made under export competition (through the use of export subsidies). An overview of policy developments is presented to evaluate the effectiveness of the disciplines imposed. Issues and suggestions for new multilateral rules are presented in order to improve disciplines in agricultural export subsidies for the current WTO trade negotiations. Export subsidy commitments include limits on both expenditures and physical quantities. Several policies escape discipline including food aid, consumer only financed export subsidies, and export credit. Expenditures may have decreased because of world market developments rather than trade liberalization efforts. Price discrimination with revenue pooling is identified as a major source of export subsidies and needs to be enforced in future negotiations. Export credit programs imply taxpayer outlays for expected defaults and so can have major impacts on exports because of the risk reduction effects. Aggregation across products and time may have allowed countries to circumvent specific commitments." @default.
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• W579759936 date "2002-03-01" @default.
• W579759936 modified "2023-09-27" @default.
• W579759936 title "Export subsidies and WTO trade negotiations on agriculture: issues and suggestions for new rules" @default.
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