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• W579771423 abstract "Costa Rica conducted 3 fertility surveys during the 1964-76 period. The 1st survey (1964) covered the metropolitan area of San Jose the only important urban center in the country at the time. The 2nd survey (1969) included rural areas and small towns and the last (1976) was at the national level. All the surveys employed relatively large multistage probability samples -- some 2000 interviews for the first 2 and about 4000 for the last. Each survey coincided with critical points in the process of fertility decline which occurred during the 1960-75 period. Without exception all indicators of fertility levels showed high values until the beginning of the 1960s a marked decline during the next 15 years followed by stabilization during the 2nd half of the 1970s. Women in rural areas consistently showed higher levels than women in urban areas. During the period under study (1950-75) women in both areas experienced a change in their fertility patterns. They reduced the size of their families and there was a shortage of the family building period. By the mid-1970s both groups of women showed early fertility peaks (with peak fertility values in the 20-24 age group). The average age of women at the start of their childbearing period showed an increase of a little over 6 months between 1960 and 1976 in both areas. With the help of a model it was found that the total marital fertility rates in urban areas had gone down from 6.2 to 3.7 children/woman during a span of 12 years; in rural areas it had dropped from 8.8 to 5 children in only 7 years. The model also allowed estimates to be made for different segments of the population and these generally support the results of other studies of fertility differentials; that is that fertility decreases with increased schooling of women and that it is lower among groups in nonmanual occupations and in those where women are economically active. In all the surveys only a very small fraction of women considered it desirable to have no children or only 1 child. Preferences in urban areas were between 2-4 children and between 2-6 children in rural areas with a clear concentration on 3 and 4 children. The begining of Costa Ricas fertility decline coincides with the introduction of modern contraceptives. Oral contraceptives (OCs) first arrived in Costa Rica in 1962 in large quantities with a massive increase since 1965. In keeping with the rapid fall in fertility contraceptive use also increased during the period under study. In rural areas the proportion of women in marital unions using contraceptives increased from 24 to 64%; it increased from 49 to 73% in rural areas. Unmet meet for contraception experienced a decline from 37 to 12% in urban areas and from 33 to 16% in rural areas." @default.
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• W579771423 date "1984-01-01" @default.
• W579771423 modified "2023-09-24" @default.
• W579771423 title "The determinants of fertility decline in Costa Rica, 1964-76" @default.
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