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• W580593149 abstract "Research on the psychology and neuroscience of simple, evidence-based choices hasled to an impressive progress in capturing the underlying mental processes as optimalmechanisms that make the fastest decision for a specified accuracy. The idea thatdecision-making is an optimal process stands in contrast with findings in more complex,motivation-based decisions, focussed on multiple goals with trade-offs. Here,a number of paradoxical and puzzling choice behaviours have been revealed, posinga serious challenge to the development of a unified theory of choice. These choiceanomalies have been traditionally attributed to oddities at the representation of valuesand little is known about the role of the process under which information is integratedtowards a decision. In a series of experiments, by controlling the temporal distributionof the decision-relevant information (i.e., sensory evidence or value), I demonstratethat the characteristics of this process cause many puzzling choice paradoxes, such astemporal, risk and framing biases, as well as preference reversal.In Chapter 3, I show that information integration is characterized by temporal biases(Experimental Studies 1-2, Computational Studies 1-3). In Chapter 4, I examine theway the integration process is affected by the immediate decision context (ExperimentalStudies 3-4, Computational Study 4), demonstrating that prior to integration,the momentary ranking of a sample modifies its magnitude. This principle is furtherscrutinized in Chapter 5, where a rank-dependent accumulation model is developed(Computational Study 5). The rank-dependent model is shown to underlie preferencereversal in multi-attribute choice problems and to predict that choice is sensitive, notonly to the mean strength of the information, but also to its variance, favouring riskieroptions (Computational Study 6). This prediction is further confirmed in Chapter 6, ina number of experiments (Experimental Studies 5-7) while the direction of risk preferencesis found to be modulated by the cognitive perspective induced by the taskframing (Experimental Study 8). I conclude that choice arises from a deliberative processwhich gathers samples of decision-relevant information, weighs them accordingto their salience and subsequently accumulates them. The salience of a sample is determinedby i) its temporal order and ii) its local ranking in the decision context, whilethe direction of the weighting is controlled by the task framing. The implications ofthis simple, microprocess model are discussed with respect to choice optimality whiledirections for future research, towards the development of a unified theory of choice,are suggested." @default.
• W580593149 created "2016-06-24" @default.
• W580593149 creator A5009152397 @default.
• W580593149 date "2012-03-28" @default.
• W580593149 modified "2023-09-23" @default.
• W580593149 title "Information integration in perceptual and value-based decisions" @default.
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