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- W584794406 abstract "Osteocalcin is among the most abundant proteins in bone and is produced exclusively by osteoblasts. Initially believed to be an inhibitor of bone mineralization, recent studies suggest a broader role for osteocalcin that extends to the regulation of whole body metabolism, reproduction, and cognition. Circulating undercarboxylated osteocalcin, which is regulated by insulin, acts in a feed-forward loop to increase β-cell proliferation as well as insulin production and secretion, while skeletal muscle and adipose tissue respond to osteocalcin by increasing their sensitivity to insulin. Osteocalcin also acts in the brain to increase neurotransmitter production and in the testes to stimulate testosterone production. At least one putative receptor for osteocalcin, Gprc6a, is expressed by adipose, skeletal muscle, and the Leydig cells of the testes and appears to mediate osteocalcin's effects in these tissues. In this review, we summarize these new discoveries, which suggest that the ability of osteocalcin to function both locally in bone and as a hormone depends on a novel post-translational mechanism that alters osteocalcin's affinity for the bone matrix and bioavailability. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled Bone and diabetes." @default.
- W584794406 created "2016-06-24" @default.
- W584794406 creator A5025822097 @default.
- W584794406 creator A5031500680 @default.
- W584794406 creator A5036526470 @default.
- W584794406 date "2016-01-01" @default.
- W584794406 modified "2023-10-17" @default.
- W584794406 title "New insights into the biology of osteocalcin" @default.
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