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• W58622726 abstract "Introduction Much of population genetics in the past has been developed without an appropriate historical perspective. This may seem surprising, as the emergence of Darwinism in the 19th century marked a transition to a view of organisms as ultimately accidental and historically contingent. But, in the biological sciences, the search for ‘ahistorical’ laws remains strong (e.g. Kauffman 1993). According to Gould (1994), the ‘pure extrapolationism of Darwin’s uniformitarian perspective’ (his emphasis on small causes producing unlimitedly large effects because of the immensity of time) has relegated historically bound approaches to the mere role of documenting the phenomenology of evolution, without any possibility to contribute to the development of evolutionary theory. In population genetics, for instance,‘equilibrium’models were designed to be independent of history (Fisher 1930; Wright 1931). The same could be said of the geographical context in which organisms are evolving; although generally acknowledged, it was not given any theoretical importance. Population genetics models therefore lacked a geographical perspective,as in the unstructured ‘island model’ (Wright 1931). If spatial relationships were to be introduced, as in the isolation by distance or stepping stone models (Wright 1943; Kimura & Weiss 1964), space remained highly uniform and isotropic and was not linked with the history of the populations. Well into the 1980s, experimental population genetics was dominated by fundamental debates on the mechanisms of evolution that largely kept geneticists away from more pragmatic and ecologically more realistic approaches (Avise 1994). In particular, historical explanations for spatial genetic patterns were dismissed as ‘story-telling’, and the major question of interest was whether this genetic structure was the result of (geographically variable) selection or of random genetic drift. As a consequence, population genetics has developed largely independently from the more traditional discipline of historical biogeography, whereas many ecologists" @default.
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• W58622726 date "2001-01-01" @default.
• W58622726 modified "2023-10-06" @default.
• W58622726 title "From spatial patterns of genetic diversity to postglacial migration processes in forest trees" @default.
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