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- W592337314 abstract "The Highlanders of Caucasus are divided into some fbrty or fifty ethnic units, depending on the degree of lumpering or splittering tendency in the count: many groups are considered as subgroups of larger ethnic units and often do not deny the fact, but nevertheless constitute by themselves certain quite distinct groups with a definite feeling of a specific identity, like Digors among Ossetians, or Kaitags and Kubachins among Dargins, to quote but a few examples. They speak languages of at least three absolutely different linguistic families-the North-Caucasian proper (very often the West North-Caucasian, or Abkhazo-Adyghean group, with Cherkessians, Kabardins, Abkhazians, Abazins, and the East North-Caucasian, or so called Nakh-Dagestanic group, with Chechens, Ingushes, Avars, Lezghins etc., are considered as distinct linguistic families in themselves); the Turkic family, including Balkars, Karachais, Kumyks etc.; and the Iranian group (of Indo-European family), represented first of all by Ossetians, and also by some other smaller ethnic enclaves. They have different customs, different traditional costumes (especially among women; the main item of men's traditional costume, the so-called `cherkesska,' a kind of a long, broad-sleeved coat, was since the 18-th century more or less unifbrm in the whole of Caucasus). They differ in their economic specialization, some relying more on finit gardening, others on plough agriculture or cattle-breeding, depending on the climatic zone they inhabit. However, apart from the traditional men's costume, there have always been certain similarities in values, orientations, in observing some common rules of etiquette and everyday behavior, that made these people in the eyes of their neighbors, especially Russians, to look like some more or less monolithic mass of proud, freedom loving, independent, warrior-like people, called collectively and indiscriminately Caucasian Highlanders. The economy of these people had one common characteristic: they were basically poor. This poverty originated mostly from the rural overpopulation of the area, from the scarcity of arable lands and pastures, the ownership and exploitation of which was a cause fbr incessant warfare, not so much between ethnic groups, nationalities or tribes, which rarely acted as unified military bodies, as between local communities, villages, clans, extended families, indivi(tual feudal IQrds (princes, barons, or important knights Biis, Beks, Uzdens in the local terminology). Even if an individual owner, a peasant or a knight (only princes might be a exception)" @default.
- W592337314 created "2016-06-24" @default.
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- W592337314 date "2004-03-29" @default.
- W592337314 modified "2023-09-23" @default.
- W592337314 title "Social and Economic Changes among Highland Minorities of Caucasus" @default.
- W592337314 hasPublicationYear "2004" @default.
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