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- W59269327 abstract "Using the shifting meaning of the Guarantee Clause, this paper illustrates how the judiciary subtly redefines the meaning of the Constitution to meet the demands of a dynamic society allowing shifts to occur gradually in the governing structure. Government structure and authority, despite being based on a fixed written constitution, has changed and evolved based on the application of various stimuli such as social or technological change, or shifting demographics. The Guarantee Clause began as a largely anti-majoritarian provision intended to limit the influence of popular opinion in state governance. Over time, stimuli generated by events, such as the Industrial Revolution, the growth of literacy and increased participation, created a shift in how people perceived democracy and democratic process resulting in a schism between the intentions of the drafters of the Constitution and the beliefs of the governed. With no alteration of the language itself, the judiciary helped reshape the Guarantee Clause so that it no longer bars popular participation in governance, but rather is understood to support it. Page 3 of 46 Introduction The interpretation of words is a storied and old practice in the United States, where legal construction has become an art form of sorts. 1 There is a power to words, and we have made the interpretation of them, sometimes with the most subtle of distinctions, a professional vocation typically ascribed to scholars and attorneys. Resultantly, there are treatises on the methodology of language interpretation which includes norms of interpretive behavior. 2 The United States Supreme Court has been interpreting the meaning of the Constitution since Marbury v. Madison 3 in 1803, and scholars have been interpreting the meaning of that decision and subsequent ones ever since. 4 There is a logic to this approach, as we are a nation with a written constitution that sets forth federal and state authority. Many scholars begin with the premise that since the Constitution describes the nature and scope of state power, it is the document that defines the nation and it must be at the center of any attempt to understand the power structure of the American state. This method of studying government, sometimes referred to as 1 See, Mirjan R. Damaska, Reflections on American Constitutionalism. 38 Am..J.. Comp. L. 421 (1990). Various constitutional scholars have written extensively about the how to interpret language including current members of the U.S. Supreme Court. See, e.g., Antonin Scalia, A Matter of Interpretation (2001); Stephen G. Breyer, Active Liberty: Interpreting our Democratic Constitution (2005)." @default.
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- W59269327 date "2010-01-01" @default.
- W59269327 modified "2023-09-27" @default.
- W59269327 title "REWRITING THE GUARANTEE CLAUSE: JUSTIFYING DIRECT DEMOCRACY IN THE CONSTITUTION" @default.
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