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• W5931573 abstract "Gosowong is located in the Maluku province of eastern Indonesia, on the north arm of theisland of Halmahera. It is a classic example of a volcanic-hosted, low-sulfidation, epithermal quartz vein deposit. Due to the relatively short mine life, there is a very limited time frame forincreasing ore reserves before mining ceases. Therefore a great emphasis has been placed onexploring the strike extent of the structure that hosts the Gosowong deposit. This mineralizedstructure is known as the Gosowong Vein Zone (GVZ) and has been traced along strike for 2 km,though the Gosowong deposit encompasses only a 400 m section of the total strike length. Theprimary aim of this study is to identifY additional high-grade ore-shoots along the GVZ. To thisend, a multi-faceted approach has been implemented incorporating structure, stratigraphy, veintextures, alteration zoning, fluid inclusions, and metal zonation, with the ultimate aim being to construct a system model that will allow predictive targeting of high-grade ore-shoots along theGVZ. Most data are presented on a longitudinal section of the GVZ.High-grade mineralization at the Gosowong deposit occurs within two gently southplungingore shoots: the Quartz-Adularia zone (QA) and the Quartz-Chlorite zone (QC). Theinterplay between structure and stratigraphy is thought to be one of the main controls on theemplacement and distribution of high-grade mineralization at Gosowong. A distinct mappablevolcanic stratigraphy has been recognized within generally intermediate to mafic coherentvolcanic and volcaniclastic rocks of Miocene age. The preferential host rocks to faulting andsubsequent quartz veining are the Gosowong Volcaniclastics, a package of resedimentedvolcaniclastic rocks with interbedded ignimbrite and andesitic lava. This unit dips moderately tothe south, striking roughly perpendicular to the strike of the GVZ. The intersection between the volcaniclastic stratigraphy and the GVZ fault is thought to be the key factor in the deposition of high-grade mineralization.A study of quartz vein textures along the GVZ has shown that high-grade mineralizationis generally developed in discrete shoots within lower grade or barren mineralization. The veintexture most commonly associated with high-grade mineralization is poly-compositionalcrustiform/colloform/cockade banding. The presence of bladed calcite pseudomorphs at variouslevels in the system is a positive indication of boiling, though they do not always carry significantAu· grades. Banded chalcedony and phreatic breccia deep in the system perhaps indicates furtherpotential at depth.Alteration zoning ,was mapped out with the use of a PIMA mineral analyzer. Thealteration in the GVZ is typical of low-sulfidation, epithermal deposits: Illite-group minerals are dominant in the ore horizons while propylitic assemblages are usually associated with weaklymineralized veining. lllite-group minerals and chlorite display a distinct zoning along the fluidflow pathway, from illite-chlorite ~ illite ~ illite-smectite ~ smectite-illite with decreasingdepth. Alteration zoning mimics stratigraphy, as indicated by gently south plunging paleoisotherms.Mineralizing fluids are postulated to have ascended the Gosowong fault and thenspread out laterally along the permeable volcaniclastic horizon.Fluid inclusion analyses indicate that mineralizing fluids have a typical epithermalsigna~e: dilute (generally <1.0 eq. wt. % NaCl) and low temperature (generally 175-265°C).Coexisting vapor-rich and liquid-rich primary fluid inclusions indicate that boiling processes havetaken place in the GVZ. Trapping temperatures in the QA zone suggest that quartz depositiontook place 100-350 m below the paleo-water table. The variation in trapping temperaturesbetween the QA (21 0°C) and the QC (236°C) may indicate multiple mineralizing events. Paleoisothermsmimic the stratigrap.h y, plunging gently to the south, indicating a component ofhorizontal fluid flow through the permeable volcaniclastic units.The GVZ appears to display most of the typical vertical metal zoning common in lowsulfidationepithermal systems: base metals dominant deep in the system, precious metalsdominant at shallow levels. Base metal values are generally low, averaging 125 ppm Cu, 53 ppm Pb, and 83 ppm Zn. Lead is the base metal most closely associated with Au mineralization.The distribution of high Au and Ag values indicates a gentle southerly plunge to the preciousmetal-rich horizon. Increasing Cu/Zn, Zn/Pb, and precious-metal/base-metal ratios may indicatevectors to ore-grade mineralization.It appears that the southerly plunge of the strata, ore-shoots, paleo-isotherms, alterationzoning, and metal zoning may be in part due to the post-mineral tilting of the GVZ. It is believedthat pre-mineralization deformation has rotated the strata approximately 25-30° to the south,while post-mineralization deformation has added an additional 10-15° to the overall rotation ofthe strata. Thus, deeper levels of the system are exposed closer to the surface on the north end oftheGVZ.A Gosowong specific prospectivity matrix has been constructed based on the sum totalof the relative prospectivlties of each of the components analyzed in this study. This matrixindicates that the most prospective area of the GVZ (outside of the Gosowong deposit area) is thearea deep and to the south of the deposit. Additional, slightly less prospective areas have beendelineated and a total of 5 drill holes have been targeted on these zones of interest." @default.
• W5931573 created "2016-06-24" @default.
• W5931573 creator A5041715433 @default.
• W5931573 date "2001-08-01" @default.
• W5931573 modified "2023-09-26" @default.
• W5931573 title "Ore shoot targeting in the Gosowong Vein Zone, Halmahera, Indonesia" @default.
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