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• W593739012 abstract "Funds v. Big Tobacco and the Proximate-Cause Issue: A Framework for Derivative Injuries^ I. Introduction In a recent wave of lawsuits, pension funds and insurance companies1 have filed complaints against tobacco companies alleging that intentional misrepresentations by the tobacco companies caused them to suffer economic loss. What is unique about these cases is that the Funds do not seek to recover under a traditional subrogation action. Rather, they claim to have been directly harmed and seek to recover damages under the Racketeer Influenced and Corrupt Organization (RICO) Act2 or state law. Although several federal district courts have allowed the claims,3 the seven U.S. courts of appeals that have considered the cases have unanimously held that the Funds did not state claims for which relief could be granted.4 Their rationale is that the Funds are too remote to be plaintiffs in these actions. More specifically, the doctrine of proximate cause5 bars the Funds from IMAGE FORMULA169recovering because their are of the of sick smokers. These cases are of monumental importance in the nationwide effort by litigants-local and state governments, the U.S. Department of Justice, and other private insurance companies and pension funds-to shift the costs of smoking onto the tobacco companies, because many of these litigants are attempting to recover for similar derivative injuries under RICO.6 The unique facts presented by the Fund cases provide an excellent vehicle to assess the incoherent doctrine of injury liability and to devise a sensible analytical approach to such cases. Specifically, this Note argues that the application of proximate-cause principles by seven of the U.S. courts of appeals has been misguided. A more careful analysis, focused on considerations of fairness and the fundamental principles of tort law, leads to the conclusion that the Fund cases should not be completely dismissed. While this Note focuses on tobacco cases, the framework used to assess these recent opinions is generally applicable to the law of torts. Part II of this Note sets the stage for these recent cases by providing a general description on the tobacco litigation to date. Part III provides a more detailed background of the litigation commenced by the Funds. This will include an overview of the applicable law utilized by the courts of appeals, taking care to note the principal precedent on which the courts rely: Holmes v. Securities Investor Protection Corp.7 Part IV is a brief but necessary digression that analyzes the Holmes test and argues that its factors for assessing liability for are inconsistent with tradities Investor Protection Corp.7 Part IV is a brief but necessary principles of tort law. Finally, Part V examines the Fund cases by looking at conflicting federal district court and court of appeals decisions. It concludes that all of the decisions have been misguided. The theory of derivative-- injury liability relied upon by the district courts that have denied motions to dismiss is much too broad and generous, while the appellate courts have utilized an inflexible, overly narrow, and poorly reasonable approach to derivative-injury claims. A better result lies somewhere in the middle. In an effort to reach a better result, this Part presents a new framework for categorizing and analyzing traditional and also observes that the strange facts presented by the Fund cases make them anything but traditional. The Fund cases should be placed in a new category in which a balancing test weighs the potential for excess recovery against the potential injustice from denying the claims. The Note concludes that since the result of this balancing test weighs in favor of the Funds, motions to dismiss should be denied by future courts not bound by contrary appellate decisions. IMAGE FORMULA172 II. …" @default.
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• W593739012 date "2001-12-01" @default.
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• W593739012 title "Funds V. Big Tobacco and the Proximate-Cause Issue: A Framework for Derivative Injuries" @default.
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