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• W594133280 abstract "I Comparative Studies of Effects of Experience on Perception.- References.- 1 Altered Early Environment: Effects on the Brain and Visual Behavior.- 1. Advantages of Visual System Analysis.- 2. Feature Detectors: A Model of Visual Processing.- 2.1. Detectors in the Adult.- 2.2. Detectors in the Newborn.- 3. Altered Early Environments: A Means of Assessing Innate vs. Experiential Factors.- 3.1. Monocular and Binocular Deprivation.- 3.2. X, Y, and W Afferents: An Addition to the Model.- 3.3. Effect of Visual Deprivation on X, Y, and W Cells.- 3.4. Alternating Monocular Occlusion and Surgically Induced Squint.- 3.5. Early Selective Visual Experience.- 4. Conclusions.- 5. References.- 2 Effect of Early Visual Experience on the Development of Certain Perceptual Abilities in Animals and Man.- 1. Historical Perspective.- 2. New Evidence.- 2.1. Properties of Visual Cortical Cells in the Neonate.- 2.2. Effects of Selective Visual Deprivation.- 3. Implications for Perception.- 3.1. Modification of Vision in Animals by Abnormal Early Visual Input.- 3.2. Modification of Vision in Humans by Abnormal Early Visual Input.- 4. Conclusions.- 5. References.- 3 Depth Perception and Experience.- 1. Introduction.- 2. The Human Infant.- 3. The Unlearned Nature of Depth Perception.- 3.1. Precocial Species.- 3.2. Altricial Species.- 4. Studies of Experience with Animals.- 4.1. Genetic Ecological Experience.- 4.2. Reared in Flat, Cliff, or Enriched Environments, or over Visual Depths.- 4.3. Visual Deprivation.- 4.4. Visuomotor Experience.- 4.5. Mothering.- 4.6. Improvement and Experience.- 5. Discussion and Conclusion.- 5.1. Adaptation and Ecology.- 5.2. Psychology and Ethology.- 5.3. Measures of Depth Perception.- 5.4. The Perceptual Response.- 5.5. Sensorimotor Effects.- 5.6. Plasticity and Pervasiveness.- 5.7. Plasticity and Phylogeny.- 6. References.- 4 Auditory Environment and Vocal Development in Birds.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Vocal Development Independent of Auditory Environment.- 3. Birdsong.- 4. Effects of Auditory Isolation on Song Development.- 5. Predisposition to Learn Conspecific Song.- 6. Cues for Song Recognition.- 7. Critical Period of Song Learning.- 8. Role of Auditory Feedback.- 9. Concept of a Song Template.- 10. Concluding Remarks.- 11. References.- II Effects of Prolonged Experience on Human Perception.- References.- 5 Role of Linguistic Experience in the Perception of Speech.- 1. Introduction.- 2. The Speech Code.- 3. The Categorical Perception Phenomenon.- 4. Some Recent Research on Categorical Perception.- 4.1. Is Categorical Perception Unique to Speech?.- 4.2. Is Categorical Perception of Speech Unique to Humans?.- 5. Categorical Perception and Linguistic Experience.- 5.1. Cross-Language Studies of Voice Onset Time.- 5.2. Cross-Language Studies of Place of Articulation.- 5.3. Within-Language Studies.- 5.4. Laboratory Training Studies.- 6. Development of Phonetic Perception.- 6.1. Cross-Language Studies with Infants.- 6.2. Developmental Studies of Phonetic Perception.- 6.3. Critical Periods in Perceptual Development.- 6.4. Relationship of Perception and Production.- 6.5. Summary of the Developmental Research.- 7. Conclusions and Directions for Future Research.- 8. References.- 6 Cultural Effects on Pictorial Perception: How Many Words Is One Picture Really Worth?.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Trivial Projective Ambiguity: Fully Colored and Detailed Pictures.- 3. Conversion of Colored Pictures to Black and White.- 4. Nontrivial Projective Ambiguity: Outline Drawings.- 5. Recognition of Pictured Objects in Line Drawings.- 6. Embedded Figures Tests.- 7. Pictorial Depth Perception.- 8. Coexistence of Flatness and Depth Information in Pictures.- 9. Use of Conventional Symbols in Art.- 10. Cultural and Historical Options in Depiction.- 11. Summary and Future Directions.- 12. References.- 7 Visual Impairment and the Development of Perceptual Ability.- 1. Definition, Prevalence, Etiology.- 2. Concept Development.- 3. Tangible Graphics.- 4. Mobility.- 5. Alternatives to Visual Reading.- 5.1. Reading Large Print.- 5.2. Reading Braille.- 5.3. Reading by Listening.- 5.4. Machine Translation of the Print Code.- 6. Conclusions.- 7. References.- 8 Perceptual Effects of Deafness.- I. Introduction.- 2. Visual Perception and Deafness.- 2.1. Ocular Defects.- 2.2. Visual Test Performance and the Deficiency Hypothesis.- 2.3. The Compensation Hypothesis.- 2.4. Visual Memory for Simultaneous and Sequential Stimuli.- 2.5. Verbal Mediation in Perception and Cognition.- 2.6. Social Perception.- 3. Tactual Perception.- 4. Visual and Tactile Displays for Speech Perception.- 4.1. Visual Aids for Speech Perception.- 4.2. Tactile Aids for Speech Perception.- 5. Conclusions.- III Effects of Short-Term Experience on Human Perception.- References.- 9 Effects of Exposure to Spatially Distorted Stimuli.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Effects of Asymmetrical Stimulation.- 2.1. The Tilt Aftereffect.- 2.2. Kinesthetic Asymmetry.- 3. Effects of Distorting Frames of Reference.- 4. Perceptual Polarity: Effects of Reversed Frame of Reference.- 5. Effects of Discordant Sensory Stimulation.- 5.1. Effects of Intrasensory Discordance on Spatial Judgments.- 5.2. Effects of Intersensory Discordance on Spatial Judgments.- 5.3. Effects of Motorsensory Discordance on Spatial Judgments.- 5.4. Sensorimotor Consequences of Discordant Stimulation.- 5.5. Site of the Recalibration Involved in Visuomotor Adaptation.- 5.6. Conditions for Visuomotor Adaptation.- 6. References.- 10 Effects of Selective Adaptation on the Perception of Speech and Visual Patterns: Evidence for Feature Detectors.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Selective Adaptation and the Perception of Speech.- 2.1. Analysis of Voicing and Place of Articulation.- 2.2. Manner of Articulation.- 2.3. Contingent Adaptation Effects.- 2.4. Auditory vs. Phonetic Loci of the Adaptation Effects.- 2.5. Response Bias vs. Sensory Explanations.- 2.6. Nature of Feature Detectors for Speech.- 2.7. Operating Characteristics of Feature Detectors for Speech.- 2.8. Summary.- 3. Selective Adaptation and Visual Perception.- 3.1. Orientation.- 3.2. Spatial Frequency.- 3.3. Motion.- 3.4. Orientation and Color.- 3.5. Spatial Frequency and Color.- 3.6. Motion and Color.- 3.7. Monocularity of Color-Selective Units.- 3.8. Nature and Operation of Detectors for Visual Information.- 4. Final Comments.- 5. References.- 11 Development of Form Perception in Repeated Brief Exposures to Visual Stimuli.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Theoretical Background.- 2.1. Microgenetic Theory.- 2.2. Clarity Hypothesis and Hebbian Cell Assemblies.- 2.3. Decision-Making Models.- 2.4. Other Accounts of the Repetition Effect.- 3. Summary and Conclusions.- 4. References.- 12 Stimuli, the Perceiver, and Perception.- 1. Introduction.- 2. A Case of Serendipity.- 3. The Principle of Color Conversion.- 4. On the General Nature of Adaptation-Level Theory.- 5. Anchor Effects, Contrast, and Assimilation.- 6. Constancy, Transposition, and Stimulus Generalization.- 7. Illusions.- 8. Vigilance.- 9. Adaptation-Level Shifts: Changes in Judgment or Perception?...- 10. Conditions for Pooling.- 11. Adaptation-Level Theory and Psychophysics.- 12. Conclusion.- 13. References.- 13 A Perceptual View of Conceptual Development.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Subproblem Analysis of Discrimination Learning.- 3. Performance on Successively Learned Instances of a Concept.- 4. Studies of Perceptual Pretraining.- 5. Memory for Instances and Categories.- 6. Overview.- 7. Theoretical Treatment.- 7.1. Proposition: A Perceptual Basis of Conceptual Development.- 7.2. Is the Facilitative Pretraining Perceptual in Nature?.- 7.3. Are the Age Differences in Object vs. Dimensional Control a Matter of Ability or of Performance?.- 7.4. Is Dimensional Learning a Function of Maturation or of Experience?.- 7.5. Relation of Present Theory to Others.- 8. References.- Author Index." @default.
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