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- W59432295 abstract "Chagas disease is characterized by an acute and a chronic phase of infection. In the acute phase most patients have the unapparent (asymptomatic) form, while the remaining infected individuals usually show a nonspecific febrile disease. In the chronic phase, two well-defined forms of disease are distinguished: indeterminate (latent, preclinical) and determinate (clinical), which is subdivided into cardiac, digestive (usually expressed as megaesophagus and/or megacolon), and cardiodigestive forms. Cardiac disease is further classified into stages, and esophageal Chagas disease into groups. Individuals with Chagas disease may be seen in two distinct phases: acute, seldom diagnosed as such, and chronic. The diagnosis of the chronic phase is based mainly on the presence of IgG antibodies against T. cruzi in patients with high suspicion of the disease or in those with a compatible clinical syndrome. Chronic Chagas infection is silent for life in more than half of the individuals. To define the clinical form of disease, a complete search for cardiovascular and gastrointestinal symptoms, and a resting 12-lead ECG are essential. Although barium swallow and enema are needed for final diagnosis of the digestive form, these tests are usually not recommended as standard practice for patients without gastrointestinal symptoms. Asymptomatic patients with a normal ECG and no gastrointestinal tract or cardiovascular symptoms have a favorable prognosis and should be followed up every 12–24 months, since about 2% of these patients progress to a clinical form of the disease each year. There are no known markers of disease progression. Patients with ECG changes consistent with Chagas heart disease should undergo a routine cardiac assessment to establish the stage of disease." @default.
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- W59432295 date "2010-01-01" @default.
- W59432295 modified "2023-09-24" @default.
- W59432295 title "Clinical Phases and Forms of Chagas Disease" @default.
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- W59432295 doi "https://doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-384876-5.00027-7" @default.
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